-
Britain's Act of Union
Passed by the English and Scottish Parliaments in 1707, led to the creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. -
Sorrows of the Young Werther by Goethe
Is a loosely authobiographical novel written by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. It was one of the most important novels in German literature, and influenced the later Romantic movement. -
Reflections on the Revolutions in France
Was written by the Irish statesman Edmund Burke. -
Essay on the Principles of Population by Malthus
Was at first published anonymously in 1798, but the author soon identified as Thomas Robert Malthus. -
Robert Owen opened New Lanark
Within a year Owen was negotiating with David Dale to purchase he got the lucky price of 60,000 pounds. -
Alexander I reigned in Russia
First king of Congress Poland, as well as the first Russian Grand Duke of Finland. -
Congress of Vienna
Was a meeting of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Metternich, and held in Vienna -
Louis XVIII reigned in France
Was king for slightly less than a decade, and didn't rule during the Hundred Days. -
Concert of Europe Created
Founded by the powers of Austria, Prussia, Russia and the United Kingdom, which were the members of the Quadruple Alliance. -
Britain's Corn Laws
Corn Laws were tariffs and other trade restrictions on imported food and grain enforced in the United Kingdom. -
"Iron Law of Wages" by Ricardo
Stated that all attempts to improve the real income of workers were futile and that wages perforce remained near the subsistence. -
Frankenstein by Mary Shelley
Novel written by English author Mary Shelley that tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a hideous sapient creature in and unorthodox scientific experiment. -
Congress of Aix-La-Chapelle
Was a high-level diplomatic meeting of France and the four allied powers Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia which had defeated it in 1814. -
Peterloo Massacre
When cavalry charged into a crowd of 60,000-80,000 who had gathered to demand the reform of parliamentary representation. -
Carlsbad Decrees
Set of reactionary restrictions introduced int the states of the German confederation by resolution of the Bundesversammlung. -
Prometheus Unbound by Percy Bysshe Shelley
Four-act lyrical drama, which concerned with the torments of the Greek mythological figure Prometheus, who defies the gods and gives fire to humanity, for which he subjected to eternal punishment and suffering at the hands of Zeus. -
Congress of Troppau
Meeting of the Holy Alliance powers, held at Troppau in Silesia, at which a declaration of intention to take collective action against revolution, was signed. -
Congress of Laibach
A conference of the allied sovereigns or their representatives. As part of the Concert of Europe, which was the decided attempt of the great powers to settle international problems after the Napoleonic Wars through discussion and collective weight rather than on the battlefield. -
Greek Independence
Started when Bishop Germanos of Patras raised the flag of revolution over a Monastery, making the cry "Freedom or death" become the motto for the revolution. -
Congress of Verona
Last of the meetings held by the European powers in accordance with the terms of the Quadruple Alliance between Russia, Prussia, Austria and Great Britain. -
Monroe Doctrine
Is best known U.S. policy toward the Western Hemisphere. Buried in a routine annual message delivered to Congress by President James Monroe. -
Charles X reigned in France
For most of his life was known as the Count of Artois -
Nicholas I reigned in Russia
Came to power amid the Decembrist Revolt and died during the Crimean War. -
Decembrist Revolt
Russian army officers led about 3,000 soldiers in protest against Nicholas I's assumption of the throne after his elder brother Constantine removed himself from the line of succession. -
Bourbon Restoration
Followed the first fall of Napoleon in 1814 and his final defeat in the Hundred Days in 1815. -
July Revolution
Precipitated by Charles X's publication of restrictive ordinances contrary to the spirit of the Charter. -
Second French Revolution
One of the main causes that explain why it was so violent was the social structure of the West. -
Louis-Philippe reigned in France
He reigned over France until was forced to abdicate his thrown. -
First Belgian Revolution
William I sent in his troops, but were expelled. Rebels received support from volunteers outside the city. -
Young Italy Created
Was founded by Giuseppe Mazzini in Marseilles, to help promote the fight for Italian independence and unity. -
Britain's Reform Bill of 1832
Parliament passed a law changing the British electoral system. Known as the Great Reform Act. -
The Zollverein created
Was German customs union established under Prussian leadership. To create a free-trade area throughout much of Germany and is often seen as an important step in German reunification. -
Young Germany Created
Was a group of German writers which was essentially a youth ideology. -
The People's Charter
Called for six reforms to make the political system more democratic. -
Frederick William IV reigned in Prussia
The eldest son and successor of Frederick William III of Prussia, reigned as king of Prussia. -
Lora Tristan published Workers Union
She was a French Utopian Socialist. -
Irish Potato Famine
This famine caused thousands of lives from huger. And job loss as well as more irish people moving to the americas. -
Revolution in Italy
Was the political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the kingdom of Italy. -
Second Belgian Revolution
Sparked by civil unrest are what resulted in the current borders, both political and linguistic. -
The Communist Manifesto
When writing the Manifesto, Marx predicted imminent revolution in Europe. -
Third French Revolution
The main cause was the struggle for hegemony and Empire outstrips the fiscal resources of the state. -
Frankfurt Assembly
Was the first freely elected parliament for all of Germany. -
June Days
Was a brief and bloody civil uprising in Paris in the early days of the Second Republic. -
Louis-Napoleon comes to power in France
Was France's last king, too power in 1830 after the July Revolution but was forced to abdicate after and uprising in 1848. -
On Liberty by Mill
Essay by the English philosopher John Stuart Mill. His ethical system of utilitarianism to society and state. -
Das Kapital
Marx proposes that the motivating force of capitalism is in the exploitation of labor, whose unpaid work is the ultimate source of surplus value.
