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Start of industrial Revolution
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Englishman Thomas Newcomen developed the first practical steam engine which was used primarily to pump water out of mines.
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In the early 18th century, Englishman Abraham Darby discovered a cheaper, easier method to produce cast iron, using a coke-fueled furnace.
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Scottish engineer John McAdam developed a new process for road construction. His technique, which became known as macadam, resulted in roads that were smoother, more durable and less muddy.
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Englishman James Hargreaves 1722-1778 invented the spinning jenny “jenny” was an early abbreviation of the word “engine”, a machine that enabled an individual to produce multiple spools of threads simultaneously.
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Robert Fulton built the first commercially successful steamboat, and by the mid-19th century, steamships were carrying freight across the Atlantic.
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In 1837, two Brits, William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone, patented the first commercial electrical telegraph. By 1840, railways were a Cooke-Wheatstone system, and in 1866, a telegraph cable was successfully laid across the Atlantic.
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British engineer Henry Bessemer 1813-1898 developed the first inexpensive process for mass-producing steel.
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In the early 1800s, British engineer Richard Trevithick constructed the first railway steam locomotive. In 1830, England’s Liverpool and Manchester Railway became the first to offer regular, timetabled passenger services.
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End of Industrial Revolution