-
John Locke (1632-1704)
john locke was a british philosopher and physician and is regared by many to be one of the most influential person og the "enlightenment thinkers" lockes theory was -
King Louis XIV (1638-1715)
➢ Ruled france as an absolute monarch in control of every aspect of every French citizens life
➢ Believed his entire kingdom revolved solely around him; called himself the sun king
➢ Lived a lavish life funded heavily on taxes
➢ Most of his subjects lived in poverty with barely enough to eat He believed in Divine Right: believed god anointed him king so he was only responsible to answer to god, not to his subjects -
Baron Montesquieu (1689-1755)
Baron Montesquieu was a french philosopher who is most famous for his theory of separation of powers. he believed that "everything" was made up of rules or laws that never changed. He ventured out to study these laws scientifically believing that
the knowledge of the laws of government would reduce the problems of a typical society and in general benefit human life. he believed in 3 types of governenment- .Monarchies
.Republics
.Despotisms -
Age of Enlightenment (1700s-1800s)
The age of enlightenment was a philosophical movement beginning in France that advocated Reason and logic as the basis of authority and all decisions and using reason and logic to solve social problems. It was heavily influenced by the scientific revolution in Europe during the 1600s. The scientific revolution was a period where scientists in Europe began to observe, hypothesize, and experiment to reach conclusions about the natural world during this time many great philosophers emerged. -
Jethro Tulls seed drill (1700)
Traditionally, seeds had been scattered amongst the ploughed furrows by hand. This impractical method meant there was a lot of wastage, as the wind would blow majority of the seeds away, and birds could also eat it. In 1700 Jethro Tull invented the “seed drill” an ingenious creation that could plant three rows of seeds at a time. This method proved so effective that increased agricultural production by five times and revolutionized the planting of crops. -
child labor (1700-1800's)
Even before the industrial revolution. Children at very young ages had jobs and worked for long periods of time. The industrial revolution just increased this due to the amount of manufacturing being done at the time. Child labor had become part of culture, children would work in places such as cotton mills, factories, mines etc. and were paid minimal wage. Children, who did not work, were usually those who were wealthy enough to attend school or other advantages they were born with. -
three filed system
- Allowed cultivation of two fields while the third lay fallow- Had a lot of negative effects as weeds and animals could spread easily, little opportunity to try new crops and was inefficient as one-third of the land was left idle each year
-
Newcomen’s heat engine (1712)
By the 18th century, most of coal on the surface had been taken, however a lot remained below the water table, and the flooding of the mines remained a problem. Initially there was a method that fixed this problem, however it proved ineffective and there was a limit to how much water could be pulled this way. The invention of the first ever steam powered machine solved this problem by pumping out water out of the mines and drastically increased the supply of coal. -
Jean Jacque Rousseau (1712-1778)
Jean Jacque Rousseau was famous philosopher and significant figure in the age of enlightenment. his political philosophy influenced the french revolution. Rousseau’s philosophies .Believed humans were naturally good and corrupted by society, not the other way around (as hobbes believed) .Believed society forces people to compete which brings out the worst in them .Believed government forces people to distrust each other and takes freedom away Believed modern technology made people dependant -
Calico act (1720)
The Calico Act was a law introduced by the British government in 1720, this act banned the import of textiles into England along with restrictions of the sale of most cotton textiles. Before the passing of this law, the British government had seen a decline in domestic textile sales and an increase in imported textiles from countries like china and India. Seeing this as a major threat to the domestic textile business, the government passed the act in order to protect English manufactures. -
rotherham plough
- A plough with an iron blade that was lighter and easier to handle- Required only one ox and ploughman to operate, whereas before it required four oxen.- Proved to be quicker and more efficient method, significantly reducing the costs for farmers
-
Steam ship
Jacques Perrier invents a steam ship -
Wedgewood
Wedgwood begins manufacturing pottery -
Spinning Jenny (1764)
the spinnning jenny was inventedby James Hargreaves. this invention led to a shift from cottage industry to factories. a mass production of clothing was available due to the creation of this machine and at a cheaper price which greatly raised consumer demand -
Inclosure Acts (1773)
From 1773 onwards the British government endeavored to reform the industrial activities amongst the country, this was successfully managed through the inclosure acts. This act enclosed open fields and common land in the country, removing the rights of what the local people carried out previously such as cutting hay, cultivation etc. and replacing them with other resources such as timber and fish. As a result of there were over 5000 individual inclosure acts and 21% of the land was in juridstrict -
Samuel Crompton's Spinning Mule
this invention was a combination of the spinning jenny and the water frame, the spindles were placed on a carriage, which went through an operational sequence during which the rollers stopped while the carriage moved away from the drawing roller to finish drawing out the fibers as the spindles started rotating.[31] Crompton's mule was able to produce finer thread than hand spinning and at a lower cost. -
rotative engine
james Watt invents first rotative engine -
slave trade outawed
Slave trade outlawed in Great Britain -
Expanding British empire (1815)
Britain was expanding its empire long before the revolution had started, most notably was their modernization of their government and technological development. In order for an empire to expand, The expanding empire of Britain had a huge impact on how the revolution would affect the world. If Britain did not have an expanding empire, then some countries would not have realized of the revolution-taking place in Britain and would not have been affected. -
Public railway
In 1825 the first public railway was opened in north-east England. It was designed to carry coal from mines near Darlington to the port of Stockton, and it employed George Stephenson’s Locomotion No. 1 locomotive to haul its cargo. -
Crystal Palace
Great exhibition opens in London’s Crystal Palace -
First Great Reform Bill
First Great Reform Bill extends male entitlement to vote in Britain -
Factory Act
he 1833 Factory Act prohibited the employment of children under nine years of age in factories and appointed inspectors to enforce the law. -
Poor Law Ammendmant act
The 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act established a commission to supervise the payment of relief money to unemployed and poor families. -
mechanical reaper
first mechanical reaper invented in America. A reaper is a farming tool or person that reaps (cuts and gathers) crops at harvest, when they are ripe. -
British Slavory abolished
Slavery abolished throughout British Empire -
Municipal corporations act
The 1835 Municipal Corporations Act established town councils, elected by male ratepayers, to monitor water, sanitation and town building. -
End of convicts to australia
transportation of convicts to Australia ends -
Mines Act
Mines Act bans employment of women and children in British mines -
telegraphic message
Morse sends first telegraphic message between Washington and Baltimore -
Singer Sewing machine
Singer Sewing Machine invented, Americas. -
steel production
Mass production of steel invented -
commercial refrigeration
first commercial refrigeration, America -
combustion engine
Internal combustion engine developed in Germany -
London underground rail system
Construction of the London Underground Rail system begins -
Suez Canal
The Suez Canal was opened on 17 November, 1869. The 160-kilometre waterway linked the Mediterranean and Red seas, providing a quick sea route for trade and transport between Europe and Asia. -
electric trams
first electric trams in Germany -
Automobile
First automobile developed by Daimler and Benz -
wireless telegraph
Wireless telegraph invented by Marconi -
cable communication
Cable communication between Australia and United States
