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Indian Ocean trade begins with small trading settlements
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This trade brought Hinduism and later Islam to Indonesia.
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Religions begin spreading country to country (Hinduism,, Buddhism, etc)
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These traditional sailing vessels with one or more masts with lateen sails were used in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean region
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The first of these was the Achaemenid Empire established by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC with the conquest of Median, Lydian and Babylonian empires.
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Persian King conquered Phoenicia
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Scylax of Caryanda made a voyage into the Indian Ocean from 510-515 BCE. He brought news of new regions that were friendly which encouraged trade expeditions.
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Athens and Sparta fought the Peloponnesian War over ownership of a city-state. This cost Athens more than 200 ships, 4500 men and many trading allies. During the 2nd year of this war, a massive plague broke out (Athenian Plague).
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A narrow strip of land that connects the Malay Peninsula to Asia. fourth century BCE traders from India reached the rest of S.E Asia by crossing the Isthmus of Kra, rather than making the longer and more difficult journey around the entire Malay Peninsula. Crops such as sugar cane, cotton, sesame, and rice were grown for export with irrigation, and became known elsewhere through the Indian Ocean trade.
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The acquisitions of Alexander the Great laid the groundwork for centuries of interaction and cultural exchanges. He instituted the city of Alexandria in Egypt, which would then become a major center of art and trade.
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started after Alexander the Great died. Very Powerful.
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Frankincense and myrrh were transported by Arab merchants-along with spices, gold, ivory, pearls, precious stones and textiles.
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Silk traveled overland between Rome and China
during the Han dynasty, but also appeared on the sea route. -
this made travelling by boat much easier
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initiated by Eudoxus of Cyzicus kept increasing
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Greek navigator discovered the monsoon winds and the route across the Arabian Sea to India around 45 AD.
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convenient port position on the sea route between India and Europe (1st century) Exported perfumes, frankincense and myrrh to Persian cities. Imported precious stones, spices, cotton, timber, and grain from India; Silk, tea, tin, sandalwood from Asia; Wine, gold, olives, glassware, and ceramics from the Mediterranean; Iron, ivory, gold, slaves, and leopard skin from Africa.
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Peppercorns were an important part of the spice trade. The spice was considered so valuable that the ancient Romans used it as a form of money, equal to gold and other precious metals.
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Also known as the plague of Galen, this plague affected a lot of Roman and Indian trade. It was an ancient pandemic brought to the Roman Empire by troops returning from the Near East. Historians suspect it could have been smallpox or measles.
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Funan's ships dominated territory across the Indochinese peninsula and controlled trade between China and India. The cities of Funan also transferred trade goods from the Indian Ocean and South China Sea ports into inland trade routes.
