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During the Prehistoric Era, human migration out of Africa headed towards India.
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Development of bronze technology, leads to Bronze Age period
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During this time, the Harappans descended to the Indus Valley where they made progress in the fields like town planning, house building, trading, etc.
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Discovering seasonal monsoon winds, along with the ability to navigate by the stars, mariners sailed across the Arabian Sea in open water.
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Mauryan Empire in India, the Han Dynasty in China, the Achaemenid Empire in Persia, and the Roman Empire in the Mediterranean
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Silk from China graced Roman aristocrats, Roman coins mingled in Indian treasuries, and Persian jewels show up in Mauryan settings.
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Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism spread from India to Southeast Asia, brought by merchants rather than by missionaries
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Contacts and trade expand
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Iron metallurgy is known in China
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Caesar Augustus rules the Roman Empire
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Emphasized trade and industry, while developing strong trade ties along the land-based silk Roads, and encouraged maritime trade
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Similar to Tang Dynsasty, also emphasized trade and industry, developing strong trade ties along the land-based Silk Roads, and encouraged maritime trade. Created imperial navy to control piracy on the Eastern end of the route.
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First reference to Chinese invention of the compass
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Astronomical instruments from the Middle East begin to arrive in Europe
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Yongle Emperor of China's new Ming Dynasty sent out the first of seven expeditions to visit all of the empire's major trading partners around the Indian Ocean. Treasure ships traveled all the way to East Africa, and bring back emissaries and trade goods from across the region.
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Portuguese entered the Indian Ocean trade as pirates rather than traders. Using a combination of bravado and cannons, they seized port cities in southern China. They robbed and extorted local producers and foreign merchant ships alike
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Spanish discover silver in Potosi, Bolivia
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Sought a monopoly on spices
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British joined their British East India Company, challenging the VOC for control of the trade routes
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Established political control over parts of Asia, turning Indonesia, India, Malaya, and a portion of Southeast Asia into colonies, therefore, reciprocal trade dissolved. Goods moved to Europe, and the former Asian trading empires grew poorer and collapsed
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British establish trading factory in Calcutta, India
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Mechanized cotton production expands in the United States
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