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The discoveries of diamonds in 1867 and gold in 1886 in South Africa increased European interest in colonizing the continent
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1860s, David Livingstone, a missionary from Scotland, traveled with a group of Africans deep into central Africa to promote Christianity.
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The European domination of Africa, African peoples were divided into hundreds of ethnic and linguistic groups. Most continued to follow traditional beliefs, while others converted to Islam or Christianity.
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Europeans controlled only 10 percent of the continent’s land, mainly on the coast.
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introduction of steam-powered riverboats in the early 1800s allowed Europeans to conduct major expeditions into the interior of Africa. Disease also discouraged European exploration.