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Treaty of Nanjing
This treaty allowed several ports be open to Britain for trade, Hong Kong be completely controlled by Britain, costs paid to Britain by China for fighting, and it granted extraterritoriality to British citizens living in China. -
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Guangxu Emperor
He was praised for his educational reform package that allowed China to learn more about Western culture. -
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First Sino-Japanese War
Japan defeated China in the first Sino-Japanese War, leading to several European countries taking advantage of the newly weakend China by creating spheres of influence. -
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Boxer Rebellion
Groups of peasants in northern China formed a secret society called Righteous and Harmonious Fists but were named "Boxers" by the Western press. At first, the Boxers wanted to destroy the Ch'ing dynasty and get rid of foreign influences. They later made their sole purpose ridding China of foreigners. They ended up kililing about 200 foreigners and thousands of Chinese Christians. -
John Hay
He was named Secretary of State by President McKinley and continued serving for President Roosevelt. He adopted the Open Door Policy and later insisted that territorial rights of China be included in his policy. -
Open Door Policy
Open Door Policy, adopted by John Hay, stated that China's main cities should be open for trade with other counrtries and that China's territorial rights should be respected. -
Boxer Protocol
This treaty ended the Boxer Rebellion and forced the Qing Dynasty to pay 450 taels of silver. It was signed by the Qing Empire and the Eight-Nation Alliance of Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. -
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Republican Revolution
This involved many revolts of the provinces against the Qing authority. -
May 4th Movement
Nationalism rapidly rose in China after the signing of the Treaty of Paris of 1919. This movement's goal was to reform Chinese culture through the adoption of Western Science and Democracy. The Chinese rejected the Confucian system and felt that it didn't make China strong enouch to compete with the West. -
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Founding of Chinese Communist Party
The Chinese were in favor for communism because in some ways, it was an escape from imperialism.
