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Russians expanded across Siberia to the Pacific.
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Britain makes the internation slave trade criminal; the Slave Trade Act of 1807; United States criminzalizes the international slave trade at the same time. The act abolished the slave trade in the British Empire, in particular the Atlantic slave trade, and also encouraged British action to press other European states to abolish their slave trades, but it did not abolish slavery itself.
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After the defeat of Napoleon, Congress of Vienna; Reverses French conquests; restores reactionaries to power. But, many liberal reforms persist. Russia then emerges as a powerful factor in European affairs.
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Start of the French conquest of Algeria.
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The Slavery Abolition Act of 1833 frees slaves in the British Empire.The Slavery Abolition Act 1833 was an 1833 Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom abolishing slavery throughout the British Empire
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Britain wages First Opium War against China. The Opium Wars arose from China’s attempts to suppress the opium trade. The resulting widespread addiction in China was causing serious social and economic disruption there. March 1839 the Chinese government confiscated and destroyed more than 20,000 chests of opium
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European trade with Africa becomes well established.
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The government of India transferred from East India Company to the crown; the government appoints a viceroy. He rules portions of India directly, and dominates local princes in the other portions. British rule guarantees that local wars will not happen inside India.
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India is controlled by Britain.
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France establishes a protectorate over Cambodia.
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French build Suez; Canal in Egypt.
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Franco-Prussian War. Defeat of France and the declaration of the German Empire in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, January 1871.
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Queen Victoria take the title Empress of India, nineteen years after the Indian sub-continent in incorporated into the British Empire.
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Britain officially annexes South Africa. Stanley proves the Lualaba is the Congo.
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Ottoman Empire loses main possessions in Europe; Treaty of Berlin.
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Treaty of Berlin: Romania, Serbia and Montenegro become independent, Bulgaria semi- independent. Russia receives Bessarabia, Batum etc and Bosnia and Herzegovina come under Austrian administration.Britain takes control in Cyprus and invades Afghanistan both as anti-Russian measures.
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Austria-Hungary and Germany sign Dual Alliance. Britain consolidates its control over southern Africa after the Anglo-Zulu War.
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British land troops in Egypt,
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France makes Vietnam a colony.
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King Leopold of Belgium estbalishes the Congo Free State, under his personal control; no role for the government of Belgium until the King's financial difficulties lead to a serious of loans. A man who entered the area around the Congo River in Africa; he killed people to get rubber (killed 10 million through laboring them to export rubber; 4 million more than Hitler)
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Reinsurance Treaty between Germany and Russia signed.
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German East Africa Company established and German influence extended into Togoland and the Cameroons.
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Creation of French West Africa.
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Open Door Policy: undermine European spheres of influence in China in favor of Chinese government
and other powers without such spheres (McKinley and Hay) -
The Boxer Rebellion in China against Westerners takes place.
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Idea that many European countries had a duty to spread their religion and culture to those less civilized.
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January - Anglo-Japanese treaty signed.
May - Treaty of Vereeniging ends Boer War.
November - Secret promise of Italy to France to remain neutral if France attacks Germany following German attack on Russia. -
February - Outbreak of Russo-Japanese War.
April - Entente Cordiale concluded between Britain and France. -
May - Treaty of London ends first Balkan War—Turkey cedes land.
June - Outbreak of second Balkan War.
August - Treaty of Bucharest ends second Balkan War—Bulgaria cedes land. -
This is important because this signifies when the European nations gained many natural resources and began to industrialize Africa. This also demonstrates how when Europe split up Africa amongst themselves with disreguard towards cultural or linguistic boundaries, they set off future wars and disagreements amongst the people of Africa.
