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An army of Berbers arrive to the Peninsula in Cádiz and kill Rodrigo
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The dominions in the Peninsula became part of the Caliphate
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Tariq´s army conqured Toledo in the year 712
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Peayo defeated the muslims in the battle of Covadonga in the year 722
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Alfonso I started to expanded his domains to Galicia and the northern Meseta
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Abderramán named himself Caliph
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In the year 824 the Kingdomof Pamplona was formed, later Kingdom of Navarra.
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Alfonso III conquered Coimbra and Oporto. When he died, he divided his possessions into three kingdoms: Asturias, Galicia and León
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Abderraman III named himself Caliph
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Beginning 11th century,maximum size → Sancho III, who added the counties of Castilla and Aragón to his dominions. After his death, kingdom divided.
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Caliphate divided in small kingdoms called Taifas
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Almoravids and Almohads invaded Taifa kingdoms
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Alfonso VIII conquered Cuenca (1177) and defeated the Almohads at the Battle of Navas de Tolosa (1212).
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Alfonso IX of León conquered Cáceres and Badajoz (1229–1230)
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Fernando III conquered the Valle del Guadalquivir
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Alfonso X conquered Cádiz, making the Kingdom of Granada the only remaining Muslim state.
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Alfonso XI fought off an invasion by the North African Marinid dynasty, who had crossed the strait to protect Granada.
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the south of France (12th and 13th centuries). The vassalage of various French cities and counties had been obtained through arranged marriages.
