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1531
Holy roman 1
Philip of Habsburg, son of Emperor Charles V, is recognized as King of the Romans. -
Jun 18, 1538
Holy roman 2
Treaty of Nice ended the war between Emperor Charles V and King Francois I. It only lasted 10 months. -
1539
Holy roman 3
Emperor Charles V reached a truce with German Protestants. -
1540
Holy roman 4
Emperor Charles V entered Ghent without resistance and executed the rebels. He brutally beat down an uprising against taxes for an expansionist war. Nine leaders were beheaded and another hanged. City burgers were forced to walk the streets barefoot with rope hanging round their necks. The "Gentse Feesten" annual festival re-enacts this event every mid-July. -
1542
Holy roman 5
War was renewed between the Holy Roman Empire and France. -
1545
Holy roman 6
Frankort born -
1546
Holy roman 7
Charles V got into the Schmalkaldic War against the Protestant princes upon support by the Catholic Counter-Reformation. -
1547
Holy roman 8
Charles V's troops defeated the Protestant League of Schmalkalden at the battle of Muhlburg. -
1548
Holy roman 9
Formerly Holy Roman (Catholic) Emperor Charles V ordered Catholics to become Lutherans. -
1553
Holy roman 10
Carlos V ratifies his son Felipe as a candidate for the Germanic throne -
1554
Holy roman 11
By his marriage to Mary I of England, Philip of Habsburg becomes King -
Sep 25, 1555
Holy roman 12
The Peace of Augsburg is signed, which puts an end to the religious wars of the Holy Roman Empire -
1556
Holy roman 13
Charles V abdicates, handing the Netherlands and Spain to his son Philip and the title of Holy Roman emperor to his brother Ferdinand -
Jan 16, 1556
Holy roman 14
In the abdications of Brussels Carlos I King of Spain and V Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, abdicates his two thrones in favor of his son Felipe -
1557
Holy roman 15
Henry II of France, seeing himself surrounded by the Habsburg domains, decided to support the Flemish rebels, exploding the Italian wars between France and the Holy Roman German-Hispanic Empire. -
1558
Holy roman 16
Felipe de Habsburgo is elected as emperor and crowned two days later in Frankfurt, known as Felipe I; his first policy was to annex Spain and its American dominions to the empire. -
1559
Holy roman 17
Elizabeth of Tudor is crowned Elizabeth I of England. -
1560
Holy roman end
The Amboise Conspiracy, which attempted against King Francis II, is suffocated, so Godefroy de Barry, Lord of La Renaudie is executed at the hands of Francis of Guise.