-
Period: 224 to Apr 11, 651
Sassanid Empire
Last pre-islamic Persian empire.
The Empire was founded by Ardashir I
fell to Arab Caliphate
Cultural impact throughout the world.
Rivalled only by Byzantine Empire
had Great School
Innovations in metalurgy. -
Period: 250 to
Maya Civilization
Meso-American culture
Very advanced especially astrologically and mathematically
large scale trade in small items -
Period: 330 to May 29, 1453
Constantinople
Capital of Byzantine Empire
Formerly Byzantium
conquered by Turks
Currently capital of Turkey -
Period: 330 to Apr 13, 1453
Byzantine Empire
Formerly the Roman Empire
Capital: Constantinople now Istambul
Constantine moved Roman capital there
Later ruled by Justinian
Cosmopolitan -
Period: Jul 26, 657 to Jul 28, 657
Sunni and Shiite split
Battle of Siffin
Muhammad's heir is disputed -
Period: Apr 11, 661 to Apr 11, 750
Ummayad Caliphate
Second Caliphate since the death of Muhammad.
Favored older families, led to rebellion. -
Period: Apr 11, 711 to Apr 11, 1492
Muslim conquest of Spain
muslims from northern Africa conquer spain.
culture to both civilizations. -
Period: Apr 14, 742 to
Charlemnge
King of Franks
Stops spread of Muslim invasion
Conquers Italy and Becomes Emperor
Caroligian Rennissance
First Holy Roman Emperor -
Period: Apr 11, 750 to Apr 11, 1258
Abbasid Caliphate
Followed the Ummayad Caliphate.
declined with the Mamluk rise to power.
Intellectual center of the world.
Returned the workis of greek philosophers to Europe.
Algebra, chemistry, medicine.
The book of 1,001 nights. -
Period: Apr 11, 1071 to Apr 11, 1194
Seljuk Turks
conquered Anatolia
Target of the First Crusade
remembered as patrons of Persian culture -
Period: Apr 14, 1095 to Apr 14, 1291
Crusades
Chistians V.S. "Pagans"
Goal is to recapture the Holy Land
Crusades become increasingly less successful
Brings Europe out of it's economical rut
Reintroduces Greek Philosophy -
Period: Apr 11, 1174 to Apr 11, 1193
Saladin
Kurdish Muslim
Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt and Syria
led Muslims against crusaders and recaptured Palestine
At the height of his power, he ruled over Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Hejaz, and Yemen. -
Period: Apr 14, 1200 to Apr 14, 1573
Inca civilaization
Andean Civilization
Architectually advanced
advanced metallurgy
limited agriculture -
Period: Apr 11, 1205 to Apr 11, 1312
Mongol Invasions
Mongol invasions throughout Eurasia led by Genghis Khan and his descendents. Led to establishment of the Golden Horde, Yuan Empire, and llkhanate. -
Period: Apr 11, 1206 to Apr 11, 1227
Ghengis Khan
Founder of the Mogol Empire. -
Period: Apr 14, 1206 to Apr 14, 1527
Delhi Sultanate
Precurssor to Mughal Empire
5 Dynasties
Mumluk conquer large parts of northern India
Khilji conquer much of centeral India
India Rennaissance blending Indo-Muslim culture
Urdu established -
Jun 15, 1215
Magna Carta
English Document
Beginning of Constitutional Monarchy -
Period: Apr 11, 1230 to
Kingdom of Mali
founded by Sundiata Kieta.
Renowned for ruler's wealth (especially Masa Musa I)
Cultural influence throughout western Afirca. -
Period: Apr 14, 1300 to
The Renaissance
Revolution in all forms of expression including scientific fields -
Period: Apr 14, 1300 to Apr 14, 1521
Aztec Civilization
Centeral Mexican
Capital of Tenochtitlan
large trade of small items
very artistic song and poetry are valued
great architectual works
human sacrifice -
Period: Apr 11, 1312 to Apr 11, 1337
Mansa Musa
Transalated to "kign of kings".
Possibly wealthiesst ruler of his time.
came to power by being appointed deputy, -
Period: Apr 14, 1337 to Apr 14, 1453
Hundred Years' War
Dispute over the heir to the French throne
Back and forth war
significant military evolution
Knights disappear nobles lose power -
Period: Apr 11, 1340 to
Songhai Empire
One of the largest islamic empires in history.
Based on Niger River.
Took advantage of Mali decline.
Strong Trading kingdom.
Upper classes convert to Islam. -
Period: Apr 11, 1368 to
Ming Empire
1413- Zheng He voyages
1447- First Dalai Lama
"one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history" -
Period: Apr 11, 1370 to Apr 11, 1405
Timur
fourteenth-century conqueror of Western, South and Central Asia, founder of the Timurid Empire and Timurid dynasty -
Period: Apr 11, 1405 to Apr 11, 1433
Voyages of Zheng He
Friend of Ming emporer.
Travelled throughout the eastern world learning about distant lands.
It is speculated that he may have discovered the Americas.
The Ming later destroyed his ships and records when they became paranoid. -
Period: Apr 18, 1418 to Apr 18, 1460
Henry the Navigator
Portugese
Explores african west coast
seaching to convert natives,find christian rulers, and make profit -
Apr 14, 1439
Gutenburg Press
printed objects such as books become much move avaliable -
Period: Jan 22, 1440 to Oct 27, 1505
Ivan III
tripled state's territory
Expelled the Golden Horde
Known for gathering the russian lands
Laid foundation for Russian state. -
Period: Apr 21, 1492 to
Columbian Exchange
exchange of not only plants and animals, but also diseases which both postively and negitively affected the old and new worlds. -
Period: Aug 3, 1492 to Nov 7, 1503
Voyages of Christopher Columbus
Famous for colonizing and discovering* America.
lead four voyages to the Carribean
colonized the island of Hispaniola
* it is debateable as to whether he was actually the first to discover North America (see Zheng He and Lief Erikson) -
Period: Jul 8, 1497 to Dec 24, 1524
Voyages of Vasco de Gama
explored eastern african coast and india
contracted malaria and died 1524
portugese -
Aug 5, 1498
Santo Domingo Established
First spanish colony
located on the island of Hispanola
Founded by Columbus -
Period: Apr 21, 1501 to
Safavid Empire
greatest persian empire since the muslim conquest.
established Twelver school of Shi'a Islam
Shi'i rule from 1501-1722
Established basis of modern Iran -
Period: Oct 31, 1517 to
Protestant Reformation
break from the catholic church
Begun by Martin Luther's 95 theses
meant to reform the Church, not break away
thought to have ended when Catholics and Protestants begun working together toward common goals -
Period: Apr 12, 1518 to Aug 13, 1521
expedition of Hernan Cortes
Conqured the Aztec Empire -
Period: Aug 10, 1519 to Aug 6, 1522
Magellan
first to circumnavigate the globe
magellan dies in phillipines doesn't complete expedition -
Period: Sep 13, 1524 to Jul 26, 1533
Pizzaro
Expeditions launced from Panama
Famous for conquering Peru
Battle of Cajamarca
Incan emporer excecuted 26, 7, 1533
Defeat Incans -
Period: Apr 21, 1526 to
Mughal Empire
Established by Babur
Conquered most of India
spread Persian culture to India
developed Urdu -
Period: Apr 30, 1526 to Dec 26, 1530
Babur
military adventurer came to power in Kubal (modern Afghanistan)
established Mughal Empire
Championed Persian culture -
Period: Feb 15, 1564 to
Galilieo
Known as the "Father of Modern Science"
supported Copernicus' heliocentric system. (Although it was highly contriversial)
Developed the scientific method -
Period: Apr 21, 1575 to
Triangular Trade
Exact dates for when this cycle began can not be pinpointed.
The americas send raw resources to europe where they are used to make manufactured goods. These are then sent to Africa where barter weopons for slaves. Which are then sent to the Americas to make sugar molasses and rum. The movement to ban slave trade began with the slave trade act of 1807 which would eventually break the cycle. -
Period: Aug 21, 1582 to
Matteo Ricci
Italian Jesuit Missionary
Briged the gap between Chinese and European ideas and culture
Great astrologer and expert of the chinese language.
Made " Impossible Black Tulip" -
Period: to
Scientific revolution
as a general rule the scientific revolutions was a period of scientific progress on all fronts and can not be adhered to certain dates for a beginning and end. Though many believe that the period begun with the works of Copernicus and Vesalius. It it also generally accepted that it gave way to the enlightenment.
Heliocentric solar system, physics, anatomy, scientific method -
Period: to
Tokugawa Shogunate
Feudal regime run by the Shoguns of the Tokugawa family.
closed off most of japan to foreign influence.
Abolished during the Meiji Restoration. -
Port Royal established
First successful French colony -
Jamestown
First permanent English settlement -
Period: to
Thrity Years War
Intially an internal conflict between the Protestants and Catholics within the Holy Roman Empire.
Although the reason for the war was no nessecarily religious. it was anumber of other political factors. this can be seen through the fact that the goals were constantly changing.
The major impact of this war is destruction of entire regions as well as the decenteralization of the Holy Roman Empire and the end of Habsburg supremacy. -
Period: to
Louis the XIV and Marie Antoinette
Ruled France
helped centeralize France and get rid of Feudal remanents
built the Palace of Versailles
Excecuted during French Revolution
succeeded by Louis XV -
Period: to
Qing Dynasty
AKA Manchu Dyanasty
took power from Ming
reached height in 18th century
loss of military power as well as rebellions weaken the empire
signed Treaty of Nanking -
Period: to
Peter the Great
Began the process of reformation (which mostly consisted of emulating europe) which turned the Tsardom into the Russian Empire. -
Period: to
Enlightenment
As with it's predescesors , the Renaissance and Scientfic revolution, the enlightenment can not be pinned down to individual dates.
The Age of Enlightenment is a period in western philosophy which took place simultaniously in much of the western world. During the Enlightenment the old ways of thinking were challenged, and rationalism and scientific thought took the forefront. The results of the Enlightenment were the many revolutions throughout the Atlantic world. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
Period of profound social, economic, and technological change.
increase in production of goods
public standard of living steadily rises.
The gap between modernized and non modernized countries becomes apparent. increase in infrastructure. i.e. rails and canals etc. -
Period: to
French-Indian war
Part of the Seven Years War
war between the French and British as well as their Native American allies.
French lose most of their colonial positions.
British become most powerful colonial power in North America. -
Period: to
Catherine the Great
Under her reign, after Peter III's assasination, the Russian Empire expanded, the administration was streamlined, continued to modernize along western european lines. Russia is revitalized and becomes a world power. Patron of the arts. -
Period: to
The American Revolution
The American revolution as more of time of political upheaval rather than just the Revolutionary War began in 1763 after the French-Indian War which began after the british began to increase taxes and passed more laws to show british authority. this began the movement to oppose taxation without representation. This in turn led to a series of actions taken by both sides .These in turn led to the Revolutionary War as well as The Declaration of independence. Ended with Treaty of Paris. -
Watt's steam engine
An improved version of Newcomen's steam engine. used less coal and was modified to be more efficient for factories.
Factories could now be built anywhere there was water and coal or fire wood. vastly increased production. -
Spinning jenny invented
invented by James Hargreaves
used to draw and twist cotton
increased ease of this formerly tedious task.
increased production thus allowing changes to be made in the market, as well as society as women were able to enter the work force en masse, and would be helped by other inventions of the industrial revolution -
Invention of the water frame
water powered spinning machine which would come to decrease the dependency on human labor and increase production of thread. would later become combined with the spinning jenny to form the water mule. Assisted in founding the first factories as well as one of the first truly continuous processes. credited to Richard Arkwright -
Period: to
French Revolution
result of high taxes from war debt and a rise in the price of bread which put the urban masses in a state of unrest.
Begins with the Tennis Court Oath and is followed by the storming of the Bastille, and the march on Varsailles.
Followed by declaration of a republic and Execution of King Louis XIV. External threats and Revolutionary Wars. Reign of Terror and guillotine. Based on ideas from the Enlightenment and Inalienable rights. Led to Nepolianic Wars. -
Storming of the Bastille
Significant symbolic event in the Frech Revolution.
The urban masses storm the fortress/prison in Paris
Fuels Rebellion -
Declaration of Rights of Man
Document drafted during the french Revolution
States the universal and unalienable right of all men as based on human nature. -
Period: to
Haitian Revolution
Slave rebellion on the French colony of Santo Domingue.
Result of the flow of ideas from the French revolution. -
Whitney's cotton gin
removes cotton seed from fibers (a job formerly done by hand).
This invention allowed harvested cotton to be processed more quickly. This in effect caused the planters to plant more cotton.
Caused the American South to become more dependent on slavery and agriculture. -
Period: to
Napoleon
Chancelor of France turned Military Dictator
Staged Napoleanic Wars involving most major powers
staged invasion of Russia, beaten by winter
defeated by Sixth Coalition and exhiled
Returns and is defeated at Waterloo -
Period: to
Mexican Independence
Dates are of the Revolutionary War, tand are preceded by the Conspiracy of the Machetes 1799 .
The Grito De Dolores was declared on 16th sep 1810
declared independence from spain.
Hidalgo and Allendes both defeated and executed.
rev. control was taken by Morelos who captured 2 cities.
Congress of Chipancingo 6/11/ 1818 signs 1st official doc. of indep.. Rev. later let by guerillas.
Irtubide , a criollo, switches sides after the coup in spain, 3 guarentee army established treaty of cordoba. -
Congress of Vienna
Made to draw up new borders and political strategy after Napoleanic Wars and dessolution of the Holy Roman Empire. -
Waterloo
Battle at which Napoleon was defeated for the last time by the Seventh Coalition. -
Period: to
Greek independence
the secret organization, Filiki Eteria, starts multiple rebellions. and declare war on the ottomans on the 17th. Mehmet Ali sends his son to egypt to fight for the ottomans, inital success. when Brtiain, France, and Russia join the fight the egyptians and ottomans are defeated. recognized as independent in may of 1832 -
Period: to
Brazilian Independence
3/7/1821 The Portugese Cortes declares Prince Dom Pedro as the regent of Brazil. General public is angered by the Cortes and form two factions to combat them. the Liberals and Bonificians who had nothing in common but to united brazil under portugese monarchy. Pedro is told to leave to Portugal, decides to stay. Alvialez Rebellion, Alvialez sent back to Portugal with his troops.6/3/1822 Pedro decrees elections.9/7/22 Pedro declares indep. feb1822-nov1823 rev war freed many slaves. -
The Auspacious Incident
Sultan announces that he is rebuilding the military using European tactics. the jannisaries mutinied and the sultan Mahmud II eliminates them. -
Period: to
The Great Trek
The Dutch Afrikaners are angered when Britain claims Cape Colony as it's own and decide to leave. Come into conflict with Zulu, Establish the Orange Free State. -
Slave Trade Act of 1833
Bans british slave trade, this in effect leads to the end of atlantic slave trade. slvery ends in the british empire in august 1st 1834
most slaves classified as apprentices and were relaeased later. -
End of atlantic slave trade
Beginning with the Dutch though really taking force after the Slave Trade Act of 1833 in which britain banned slave trade in it's territories and made it punishable by death. Britain at that time had control of the seas and was quickly followed by much of the Atlantic world. -
Invention of the Telegraph
invented by Samuel Morse
thoguh this is debateable as there were many working on telegraphy at the same time though Morse is indeed one of the best known examples. The telegraph essentially eliminated distance as an electric telegraph could near instananeously relay messages. this came to replace many message sending services as well as allowing for the quick movement of information. -
Period: to
Opium Wars
Wars fought between the British and chinese over Britains illegal importing of opium into China. won by superior british technology i.e. gunboats
The victorius British imposed the Treaty of Nanking -
Period: to
Revolutions of 1848 in Habsburg Areas
After news of French rev. victory the Austrian Diet demands that the conservative foreign minister resigns. after this has occured a number of liberals fill the position. public participation in gov. increases. gov. is unable to keep centeral control. old conflicts renewed. question of whether Austria should become part of the larger german state. Ferdinand's troops defeat insurgents.Hungarian Rev. is begun by mass demonstrations in Pest and Buda. Later insurrections bring openning for new gov. -
Period: to
Taiping Rebellion
Quite possibly the bloodiest civil war in history with 20 million dead. Rebellion caused by unease over foreign influence in China. Nearly toppled the Qing Empire. Qing eventually aided by European powers who seeking to protect their investments and gain influence. -
Commedor Matthew Perry Goes to Japan
Attempts to open Japan to trade. Use superior technology to intimmidate the Japanese. Ends with the treaty of Peace and Animity. This is one of the causes of the Meiji Reformation. -
Period: to
Crimean War
considered the first modern war as it had tactical uses of new technologies such as railroads and telegraph. it was a conflict between the russian and ottoman empires, thoguh to stop russian expansion Britain and France join the fight. made it very clear that russia needed to modernize. -
Period: to
Sepoy Rebellion
the Sepoy, Soldiers hired to protect the East India Trading Companie's warehouses and assets.the Sepoys rebel after the british ignore many indian religious traditions. -
Period: to
British conquest of India
conquest begun by the East India Trading Company and later Aquisitions are given to the british crown. Aquistion of Indian territory Either through force or diplomacy with the Mughal Princes. attempted to remake india in the vision of Britain. -
Period: to
Suez Canal
Canal connecting the East to the West shortening the distance of trading voyages. Cause of conflict as powers strife to take control. ex. Britain -
Emancipation reform of 1861
serfs emancipated and given full rights
thoguh many were still attatched to their plot of land -
Meiji Restoration
Attempt to modernize Japan by collecting Knowledge from across the globe. -
Period: to
Ghandi
political and ideological leader in the indian independence movement
preached non-violent protest
was assassinated -
Period: to
Scramble for Africa
European states scramble to take over large parts of africa.
The reasons were as much for status as raw resources. -
Period: to
The Boxer Rebellion
Rebellion supported by Chinese officials to oppose foreign influence, Protests involved the destruction of foreign technology.put down by foreign allience. -
Period: to
African National Congress
Strove to bring equal rights to the black inhabitants of South Africa. -
Fall of the Qing Empire
Ended with the Abdication of Emporer Puyi.
Caused by Xinhai Revolution
falls into warlord factionalism
Other powers take advantage of this weakness to gain territory -
Period: to
WWI
WWI also known as the "Great War" was bwgun by a series of long term factors such as foreign policy related to colonialism as well as the several alliences which had triggered by the assasinations of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. ends with armistice, blame clause, and league of Nations. -
Panama Canal
Canal which connects the Atlantic and Pacific. surrounding land bought by the U.S. Important in shipping -
Period: to
Russian Revolution
March 7th workers in Petrograd stage a strike.Rioting quickly grew, the troops mutinied, symbols of the Tsarist regime were torn down. The Tsar abdicated on the 15th. provisional government set up. power in hands of middle class i.e. buisness owners, land owners etc. opposed by the Petrograd Soviet, thought they belived that Russia was not yet ready for socialism. The October Rev. led by Vladimir Lenin and was based on Marxist ideals.spread of communism throughout Russia.Bolshevik party. -
Wilson's 14 points
President Woodrow Wilson for post war peace in Europe -
Treaty of Versilles
Treaty that ended WWI
sets borders , contains Blame Clause -
Period: to
League of Nations
International League created to maintain global peace.
failed to prevent WWII replaced by UN -
Period: to
Indian Independence movement
september 1920 begins non cooperation movement to boycott british goods and other influences such as schools and courts
includes the Salt March
rift between the INC and Muslim League grows
armed resistance led by urban middle class.
independence was promised after WW2
independence was not given and the Quit India campagin began. INA established. INA trails.
Viscount Louis Mountbatten announced independence and Parition into India and Pakistan. -
Period: to
Chinese Civil War
Conflict between the Chinese Nationalist Party and the Communist Party of China.
Began with encirclement campaigns and the Northern Expedition.
interrupted by the Second Sino-Japanese War
Full scale war after WWII
People's Rebublic of China established 1, Oct, 1949 -
Period: to
Stalin's 5 year plan
Plans for the Russian economy meant to not only stabalize but also modernize the Russian economy. Includes plans suc as collectivized agriculture and heavy industrialization. -
Period: to
The Great Depression
The worlds deepest and most wide spread economic depression. Although there is much debate over what actually caused the Great Depression it is believed that it was caused by a number of factors such as failure to regulate international trade. Began when the stock market crashed on Black Thursday (Oct,29,1929). Relief came as a result of WW2 with spending on the war. -
Period: to
Hitler
Leader of the Nazi Party
Became Chancellor of Germany
19th of aug 1932 becomes Supereme Commander of Armed Forces. commited suicide 30 apr 1945 -
Period: to
WWII
war between the Allies and the Axis Powers.
included most of the worlds nations
included such events as Pearl Harbor, The Holocaust, and D-Day. Took place around Eurasia and the Pacific. set stage for Cold War. -
Period: to
Mao Zedong
Founder , Revolutionary, and Authoritarian leader of People's Republic of China
Maoism focuses on the masses and changes which are required.
continued to be in office until his death -
Period: to
Nelson Mandela
Anti apartheid activist leading the armed wing of the ANC.
Imprisonned for 27 years
Following his release he helped in negotiations for a multi-racial democracy. Served as president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. -
Period: to
Juan Peron
served three terms as President of Argentina
immensely popular for attempting to increase worker's benefits and increasing infrastructure. his wife Eve Duarte was exteremely popular because of her work with the poor, sick , and orphaned. -
Period: to
Cold War
competition between the Capitalist and Communist ideologies.
encompasses such events as korean war, vietnam war, iron curtain/Berlin wall, and Cuban Missle Crisis. -
Pakistan Established
Pakistan is created by the Partition of British India.
Created as an islamic state. Many Indian Muslims would migrate here during after the Independence movement suceeded. -
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Allience between North American and European Countries
Created to promaote trade and defend members
counter-part to the Warsaw Pact
Preceded by the Treaty of Brussels
Continues to present day -
Period: to
Korean War
conflict between the Communist and Captitalist ideals in Korea.
the Communist supported North invades the South. South supported by the United Nations. finally reach and armistice and agree to have the 38th parellel as the border between North and South Korea. -
Period: to
Warsaw Pact
mutual defence treaty between Eastern European nations.
Comprised mostly of Communist countries
Created to Counter NATO -
Period: to
Vietnam War
War between Communist and Capitalist Ideologies with the Communist north against the Capitalist south. Only war the United States has lost. Resulted in Northern vietnamese victory and the dissolution of South Vietnam. -
Period: to
The Great Leap Forward
A failed attempt to stabilize and transform the Chinese economy.
had negitive effects on the economy and caused millions of deaths. -
Bay of Pigs
U.S. sponsored attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro, the communist Dictator of Cuba. Invasion Stopped within three days. -
Period: to
Berlin Wall
physical reperesntation of the Iron Curtain -
Period: to
Cuban Missle Crisis
as a result of failed attempts to overthrow the cuban government the cuban and soviet governments work together to build bases for nuclear missles. The U.S. responses by building bases in Italy and Turkey. Both sides eventually came to an agreement to dissmatle and retract their missles. U.S. agrees to never invade Cuba. -
Aswan Dam
nutrality used to convince the Capitalists and Soviet union to complete the dam. -
Helsinki Accords
stated that European borders could only be changed through peaceful means. went a long way to help diffuse Cold War tension. -
Period: to
Islamic Revolution (Iran)
began with civil resistance which developed into strikes and causes the Shah to go into exhile. The monarchy collapses after troops loyal to the Shah are overrun by guirrillas and rebel troops.followed by the approval of a theocratic constitution. -
Period: to
Iran-Iraq War
caused by old border disputes and fear of the increasinly active Shia population in Iran. Iraq attempts to take advantage of the recent revolution in Iran But are quickly pushed back. war ended when the UN brokered for a cease-fire. tactically very similar to WWI. -
Tianamen Square Massacre
Protesters supporting economic and political liberalization in China are massacred by the Peoples Liberation Army by order of the Chinese government. -
Period: to
USSR Disintegrates
Republics of the Soviet Union declare independence.
August Coup
all republics sign Alma-Ata protocol which dissolved the Soviet Union. -
German Reunification
Western and Eastern Germany are reunited and their soverignty is restored. -
September, 9, 2001
A series of terror attacks conducted by Al-Queda upon the United States. These attacks destroyed the world Trade Center in New York ,and Damaged the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia. The fourth plane crashed near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. -
Foundation of Islam
Muhammad recieves his first revelation.
NIght of power -
Foundation of Holy Roman Empire
Otto I becomes emperor
Eastern Franks have Pope's blessing -
Period: to
Sui Empire
reunified north and south china.
built grand canal. -
Period: to
Tang Empire
Li take throne from the Sui.
Considered a golden age of cosmopolitan culture.
expanding economy, growth of poetry,first dated p;rinted book (868 BCE) -
Period: to Jan 1, 1279
Song Empire
First to issue banknotes and paper money.
Frst to use gun powder and dicover true north with compass.
Neo-confucianism
Marco Polo's visit (1271-1292) -
Period: to Apr 11, 1235
Kingdom of Ghana
Grew rich from trans-saharan trade.
led by king.
capital is actually multiple cities. -
Period: to
Mamluks
A caste of slave soldiers originally used by the Abbassid Caliphate.
Came to have great political signifcance. -
Period: to Apr 13, 1349
Keivan Russia
tribes of Rus come together
high literacy
Advanced
some female ruler