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Some time during the year 570, Muhammad was born in Mecca, a city on the Arabian Penisula. He was orphaned at a young age and raised by his grandparents in a poor clan. Muhammad grew up to be an honest and successful merchant. He married a wealthy widow and they started a familly together.
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According to Islamic Mytholgy, in 610 the angel Gabriel told Muhammad that he was a prophet and that it was his duty to spread the word of God. Muhammad worked and traded with Jewish and Christian merchants which is where he got the ideas for a new monotheistic religion and thus Islam was born.
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By this time, Muhammad was teaching the people of Mecca about Islam. Many people were attracted to the religion and he gained some followers. However, many people feared the growing popularity because they were afraid that Mecca would lose its status as a holy city with many different religions.
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For years, the nonbelievers attacked Muhammad and his followers. Eventually they fled to the city Medina. This migration was known as the Hijrah. In Medina, Muhammad gained thousands of new followers and he taught people lots of things.
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In some time around 630 Muhammad along with 10,000 troops. He conqured the city and destroyed every statue of a god that wasn't Allah. All of the people in Mecca then converted to Islam.
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Sometime around this time Muhammad died of some sort of disease.
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Around this time the muslims cocnquer more places including Persia and Egypt.
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They continue to spread rapidly to all three continents that surround the middle east.
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This brings an end to the rule of the four "righteous caliphs": Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. This also marks the beginning of the Umayyad rule.
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Muslims enter Spain in the west and India in the east. Eventually almost the entire Iberian Peninsula is under Islamic control.
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Muslims are defeated at Potiers in France by Charles Martel.
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The Abbasids take over rule from the Umayyads, shifting the seat of power to Baghdad.
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The Christians captured Jeruselum from the Muslims. This was the first of many wars over the holy land.
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European Crusaders take Jerusalem from the Muslims. Eventually Muslims defeat the Crusaders and regain control of the holy land.
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Islam continues to spread throughout Asia. Malaysian traders interact with Muslims who teach them about Islam.
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The earliest Ottoman state is formed in Anatolia, Turkey.
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Ottomans conquer the Byzantine seat of Constantinople and change its name to Istanbul.
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Harun al-Rashid ruled from this time to 809. During this time there was great scientific, cultural, and religious prosperity. Harun al-Rash translats to Aaron the Just.
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Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī the persian mathematician died on this day. He is most known for his advances in Indian nummmerals and inventing Algebra. His work affected Europe and later in the Renisance.
