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Period: 1 CE to 570
Arabia Before Muhammad-Mecca
-Was a trade stop and religious center
-People stayed in Mecca because of its water well, the population there was very diverse: Jews, Arabs and Christians
-Is the location of Kaaba, a shrine with 300 idols -
Period: 1 CE to 570
Arabia Before Muhammad
-Majority of Arabia's first inhabitants were Bedouins
-They were Semites that either originated from Africa or Mesopotamia
-They valued camels and swords above all else and had no strong central government
-They were animistic polytheism -
Period: 1 CE to 570
Arabia Before Muhammad-Quraysh
-They were a powerful tribe of Arabs
-Encouraged other tribes to put idols in the Kaaba and they would protect them for a fee -
Period: 570 to 580
Muhammad's Call To Prophecy-Muhammad's Early Life
-Was born into the Hashim family from the powerful Quraysh tribe
-Raised by his uncle, Abu Talib
-He worked for a wealthy widow, Khadija
-He married Khadija and had seven kids
-Was a seeker of solitude -
Period: 570 to 580
Muhammad's Call To Prophecy-Family
-Angles told Muhammad's mother, Amina, to name child Muhammad, who died when Muhammad was six
-Had an uncle, Abu Talib
-Wife was Khadija, who had seven children
-Muhammad's father, Abdallah, died before he was born -
595
The Life Of Muhammad-Marriage
-He married Khadijah al-khuwaylid
-He had four daughters -
610
The Life Of Muhammad-Suspecting Something Is Wrong
-When Muhammad was 40, he started to suspect something was wrong
-Wealthy did not share wealth
-Tribes were constantly at war with each other
-Retreated to the mountains in solitude
-Prayed and fasted at the mountains -
Period: 610 to 612
The Life Of Muhammad-His Vision & Teachings
-Gabriel appeared before Muhammad and revealed the secret word of Allah
-He only told his wife and cousin, who were Christian
-Wife and cousin encouraged Muhammad to do what Gabriel told him to do
-He had been chosen as a prophet
-Shared his vision in 612
-Taught that the only god that should be worshiped is Allah, and that Jews and Christians didn't have to switch religion because they already people of the book -
Period: 612 to 622
The Life Of Muhammad-Facing Discrimination
-Not everyone was happy with his teaching, including the Quraysh
-Leaders declared Muslims should be boycotted
-No one was allowed to give Muslims food
-Had another vision that he was preaching in Jerusalem, and the rulers stilled threatened him
-His followers had to leave Mecca because of the discrimination -
622
The Life Of Muhammad-First Islamic Community
-They split off the Arab tribe to form their own tribe
-Relationships, statuses, and social allegiances were based on kin or family
-What bound the tribe together was religious allegiances -
622
The Life Of Muhammad-Leaving Mecca
-The Quraysh wanted revenge on Muhammad because never before had someone split of an Arab tribe to create a new one
-They moved to Yathrib -
622
A Special Relationship-Constitution Of Medina
-Created by Muhammad
-It gave freedom of religion if people payed special tax
-These taxes became important to the caliphate bugdet
-Christians and Jews are marked as dhimmis, or protected people of the Muslim state -
Period: 622 to 700
Life Of Muhammad-Medina
-Rooms were large and spacious
-Medina was where Muhammad had his home
-Muhammad's home became the first mosque
-Medina was where all followers of all faith could worship freely
-He changed the direction Muslims face to pray
-He made it so men could break the rule of only four wives if it is to help someone in need -
632
The Life Oh Muhammad-Muhammad's Death And His Impact
-Muhammad united almost all of the region under Islam
-Died in 632
-More than 1.5 billion Muslims in the world
-All followers Muhammad -
Period: 632 to 633
Arab Unity Or Separation-Arabia After Muhammad's Death
-No one knew who would lead the Muslim faith
-When Muhammad died, there was about 100,000 Muslims
-When Muhammad died, intertribal raids started up again
-When Muhammad died, people stopped playing zakat
-When Muhammad died, some people found new prophets to inspire them -
Period: 633 to 634
Arab Unity Or Separation-Caliph Abu Bakr
-He was one of Muhammad's original followers
-He became the next caliph
-He reunited the community
-The Riddah Wars were attacks on ex-Muslims
-He forced tribes to return to Islam
-He brought all of Central Arabia under his control
-He conquered other territories beyond the Arabian Peninsula -
Period: 634 to 644
Arab Unity Or Separation-Caliph Umar
-He helped lay the foundations of an Islamic state
-Helped build the standardization of the Quran based on account of people who were actually there to see Muhammad preach in Mecca and Medina
-He conquered land from the Byzantine Empire, Mesopotamia and Syria
-Established basic policies -
Period: 644 to 656
Arab Unity Or Separation-Caliph Uthman
-Helped with foundations for an Islamic state
-Uthman ordered all other versions of the Quran to be destroyed so that everyone would read the same version
-He conquered North Africa, Iran and the Caucuses
-Was assassinated -
Period: 651 to 750
A Split Develops-Umayyad Dynasty
-Took parts of Spain, North Africa and Central Asia
-It was too big
-Conquered by rebel fighters
-People split to either Sunni Muslim, or Shi'a Muslim -
Period: 656 to 661
A Split Develops-Caliph Ali
-Ali's rise to power caused a civil war
-Ali was assassinated, and the Sunni's took over
-The First Fitna was the fist major internal conflict within the Muslim community
-The First Fitna went from 656 to 661
-The conflict started because the Muslims had a disagreement on who should be caliph -
Period: 750 to 1258
Time Is Mightier Than The Sword-Abbasid Dynasty
-Their capital was Baghdad
-They conquered Southern Europe, the Mediterranean, and North Africa -
Period: 1095 to 1291
The Crusades-The Crusades
-The were violent series of campaigns made by Christian armies against the Muslim world
-A crusade is a holey world
-There were nine crusades
-Major fighting were in Jerusalem, Palestine, Syria, Egypt, and Antolia
-The crusaders were defeated and the Muslims gained control of the whole region