Islamic History Time Toast

Year of the Elephant

570

Invasion of Abyssinian army to Makka stopped by birds.

Birth of the Prophet

570

Birth of Muhammad

Abdullah -Muhammad's father dies

570

Muhammad's father dies

Muhammad's mother dies

572

Muhammad's mother dies

Muhammad is raised by Abu Talib

572

Abu Talib, Muhammad's uncle raises him

Kadijah

595

Muhammad marries Khadijah, the daughter
Khuwaylid ibn Asad ibn 'Abdul-'Uzza ibn Qusayi. Muhammad was 25 and Kadija was 40.

The first revelation

Jan 1, 610

Muhammad is visited by the Angel Jibril (Gabriel).'
The first verses of the Qur'an were revealed this day.
Each year this event is celebrated as the "Night of Power."

Muslims seek refuge in Abyssinia

Jan 1, 615

To escape persecution Muhammad sends followers to Abyssinia where a Christian King provided refuge.

Mohammad becomes leader of the people of Yathrib

Jan 1, 620

Mohammad converts the people of Yathrib to Islam and become their leader. The city would now be known as Madinat al-Nabi, (Madina).

Anno Hegira

Jan 1, 622

Makkans attempt to assassinate Muhammad. Muhammad hid from the assassins in a cave.

Muhammad continued to lead the people of Madina and Muslims who migrated to Madina.
The Hira is the mark of the new lunar system of dating

Battle of Badr(624) , Uhud (625), & Ditch (627)

Jan 1, 624

The three battles between Jews and Muslims in Madina. The battles are Battle of Badr (624), Uhud (625) and Battle of the Ditch (627). Those who were treacherous towards Muslims were shown leniency. They were exiled rather than executed.

Muhammad's army defeats Makka

Jan 1, 631

Makkans surrendered to Muhammad's army, and a Muslim government is established.

Death of Muhammad

Jan 1, 632

Following Muhammad's last Hajj, Muhammad dies.
Abu Bakr is chosen as his successor.

Muhammad makes the final Hajj

Jan 1, 632

Before his death, Muhammad made the Hajj one last time and gave the Farewell Sermon on the Plain of Arafat.

Sunni's chose Abu Bakr as Caliph

Jan 1, 634

Following Muhammad's death, Sunni's choose Abu Bakr to lead the Muslims.

Caliph Uthman has the Qur'an written down.

Jan 1, 650

Caliph Uthman has the Qur'an written down.
The number of followers of the Islamic religion continues to grow.

Uthman is murdered .Ali is chosen as Caliph.

Jan 1, 656

Ali is chosen as the first rightful Caliph. He is the first Imam.

Ali is murdered.

Jan 1, 661

Ali is murdered.

The First Crusade Begins

Jan 1, 1096

The crusaders first take the Turkish city of Nicaea. Their next target is Jerusalem.

Crusaders seize Jerualem

Jul 1, 1099

Seven days of slaughter ensued as Christian Crusaders killed anyone who was not Christian. When virtually everyone was dead, the crusaders took all the property of the Muslims.

The Second Crusade

Jan 1, 1147

Arabs and Turks attack Jerusalem and Edessa. They were only able to secure Edessa. This angered the Christians, and thus the taking of Edessa marks the beginning of the second crusade.

Saladin Battles King Richard I for Jerusalem

Jan 1, 1187

Saladin, ruler of Egypt wins the battle against King Richard I for Jerusalem.

Frederick Barbarossa helps King Richard I

Jan 1, 1189

Frederick Barbarossa gathers over 150,000 soldiers to assist King Richard I. They attack the Holy Land and won two battles. Barbarossa drowns when trying to cross a fast moving river. His heavy armor made it too difficult to swim.

The Third Crusade

Jul 11, 1191

King Richard I and King Philip II together try to take Jerusalem. However King Philip II must return to France due to illness, and his army did not wish to fight without their leader. This may be the reason why King Richard's army was not able to secure Jerusalem.

The Fourth Crusade Begins

Jan 1, 1202

The fourth Crusade begins when the crusaders attack the city of Zara for the Venetians.

The army arrives at Constantinople

Jun 1, 1203

The crusaders are helped by the Venetians to conquer the city of Constantinople. Most of the city is burned, and the people living there are killed. Most of the city's treasures are destroyed.

The Fifth Crusade begins

Jun 1, 1217

Under the command of Cardinal Pelagius the crusaders once again attempt to take Jerusalem.

The Fifth Crusade Ends

Sep 8, 1221

After four years of battle Cardinal Pelagius is unsuccessful in capturing Jerusalem. Cardinal Pelagius denied peace offerings and continued the crusade. He ultimately lost Jerusalem due to his greed.