History of Healthcare Nischke

  • Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE

    Early Beginnings

  • 3900 BCE

    Disease Caused By?

    Evil Spirits
  • 3600 BCE

    Treatments for sick?

    -prayer
    -exorcism
    -blood leading
  • 3100 BCE

    Medicines used today?

    Digitalis- heart medicine
    Quinine- used to treat malaria
    Belladonna and Atropine- treats heart rate problems
    Morphine- pain medicine
  • Period: 2999 BCE to 399

    Ancient Times

  • 2900 BCE

    Ancient Egyptians

    Health Records- liked to keep accurate records
    Physicians- priests acted as physicians
    How did they heal?- used medicine to heal disease, bloodletting with leeches
  • 1900 BCE

    Ancient Chinese

    Development of acupuncture- pioneer's learned to treat various illnesses with stone tools
  • 900 BCE

    Ancient Greeks

    -Illness cause Nature vs. spiritual- sacred temples of healing, natural causes, massages, herbal therapies
    -religious customs didn’t allow people to dissect bodies
    -father of medicine
  • 100

    Ancient Romans

    Sanitation systems- clean water, baths
    Medical care for sick or injured
    Room in house for sick
  • Period: 400 to 800

    Dark Age

  • 500

    Stopped the study of medicine

    Why?-Roman empire was conquered by the Huns
    -medicine was practiced only in convents and monasteries
  • 700

    How to treat disease?

    -prayer
    -herbal mixtures
  • Period: 800 to 1400

    Middle Age

  • 1100

    Epidemics

    -caused millions of deaths
    -bubonic plague
    -smallpox
    -diphtheria
    -syphilis
    -tuberculosis
  • Period: 1350 to

    Renaissance

  • 1450

    Rebirth?

    Universities- built them for research
    Dissection-accepted dissection of the body for study
    Books- printing press and publishing books allowed greater access and knowledge from research
  • Period: 1501 to

    16th and 17th Centuries

  • Leonardo da Vinci
    1515

    Leonardo da Vinci

    -detailed dissections
    -accurate drawings
    -studied systems
  • Gabriele Fallopius
    1550

    Gabriele Fallopius

    -studied the reproductive organs in both sexes
    -gave the first in depth description of the fallopian tubes
  • Bartolommeo Eustachio
    1563

    Bartolommeo Eustachio

    -described functions of teeth
    -anatomy related to the ear
  • William Harvey

    William Harvey

    -discovered that the valves in the veins allow blood to flow only in the direction of the heart
    -proved blood circulated around the body and to the heart
  • Antonie von Leeuwenhoek

    Antonie von Leeuwenhoek

    -discovered bacteria, sperm cells and blood cells
  • Apothecaries

    Apothecaries

    -a person who prepared and sold drugs/medication
  • Period: to

    18th Century

  • Benjamin Franklin

    -discovered bifocals
    -found that colds can be passed from person to person
  • Medical Students Learning

    -lectures in classroom and lab to observe patients at bedside
  • Joseph Priestley

    -discovered the element of oxygen
    -he observed plants refresh air that has lost it’s oxygen making it usable for respiration
  • Edward Jenner

    -discovered a vaccination for smallpox
    -his discovery also led to immunization and to preventive medicine in public health
  • Rene Laennec

    -invented the stethoscope
    -made of wood
    -allowed people to hear the heart and lungs
  • Period: to

    19th and 20th Centuries

  • Florence Nightingale

    -attracted well-educated, dedicated woman to the Nightingale School of Nursing
    -the graduates from this school raise the standards of nursing became a respectable profession
  • Ignaz Semmelweis

    -identified the cause of childbed fever
    -his studies proved handwashing and cleanliness reduced death rates from infections
  • Louis Pasteur

    Louis Pasteur

    -father of Microbiology
    -discovered that tiny microorganisms were everywhere
  • Dimitri Ivanovski

    -discovered viruses
  • Joseph Lister

    Joseph Lister

    -learned about Paster’s discovery that microorganisms cause infections
    -first doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery
  • Ernst von Bergmann

    -developed asepsis
    -a method that creates a germ free area for wounds
  • Robert Koch

    Robert Koch

    -discovered many disease causing organisms
    -introduced cleanliness
  • Paul Ehrlich

    Paul Ehrlich

    -discovered the effect of medicine on disease causing microorganisms
    -he found a treatment to treat syphilis
  • Wilhelm Roentgen

    -Discovered x-rays
  • Anesthesia

    -surgery was first preformed without anesthesia
    -used herbs and alcohol to relieve pain
  • Sir Alexander Fleming

    -found that penicillin killed life threatening bacteria
  • Sigmund Freud

    -discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind
  • Gerhard Domagk

    -Discovered sulfonamide compounds
    -first medications effective in killing bacteria
  • Jonas Salk

    -discovered that dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis
  • Albert Sabin

    -used a live polio virus vaccine
    -to immunize babies against this disease
  • Francis Crick and James Watson

    -discovered molecular structure of DNA
  • Christian Barnard

    -performed the first successful heart transplant
  • Ben Carson

    -pioneer in separating Siamese twins and performing surgery’s on the brain to stop seizures
  • Period: to

    21st Century

    CRISPR-gene editing to treat genetic disorders
    Organ Transplatation-increased success rates of transplants with better techniques
    mRNA vaccines- against ending COVID-19 has helped decrease death rates
    Telemedicine-virtual consultations easier for patients
    AI-gets diagnosis faster and more accurate