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Evil spirits
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Prayer, Exorcisms, bloodletting -
Digitalis - Treat heart conditions.
Quinine - Controls fever, relieves muscle spasms, helps prevent Malaria.
Belladonna and Atropine - Relieves muscle spasms, especially in gastrointestinal (GI) pain.
Morphine - Treats severe pain. -
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Health records - Earliest people to keep accurate health records, called upon gods to heal them, learned to identify certain diseases.
Who are physicians? - The priests acted as Physicians, used medicines to heal disease, learned art of splinting fractures.
How did they heal? - Treated disorders by bloodletting with use of leeches. -
Development of acupuncture - First to use primitive acupuncture therapies, treat illness with stone tools. -
Illness cause Nature vs. Spiritual - First to find that illness may be natural, not spiritual.
Dissection - Bodies were not allowed to be dissected due to religious custom.
Hippocrates - Considered father of medicine, based knowledge of anatomy on observation of external body. -
Sanitation Systems - Romans learned from greeks, developed sanitation system; aqueducts, sewers, public baths.
Organize medical care - Romans first to organize. Sent medical equipment and physicians with armies. Even kept room in houses for the ill.
Hospital development - Public buildings were built for the sick. Physicians paid by Roman gov. -
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Roman Empire conquered by Huns. -
Prayer, herbal mixtures. -
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Epidemics caused millions of deaths during this period. For example, Bubonic Plague (the black death) killed 60 million people. There was also smallpox, Diphtheria, syphilis and tuberculosis. -
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The rebirth of learning that influenced the future of medical science.
Universities - universities and medical schools were built for research.
Dissection - dissection of the body now accepted for study.
Books - development of the printing press and publishing of books. -
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Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body. -
Discovered the tubes of the female anatomy. -
Discovered tube from ear to throat. (Eustachian tube) -
Used knowledge to understand physiology, was able to describe circulation of blood and pumping of heart. -
Invented microscope, establishing; there is life smaller than the eye can see. He also scraped his teeth, found bacteria that causes tooth decay. -
Early pharmacies started. In medieval England, apothecaries participated in trade of spices and drugs from east. -
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His discoveries bifocals, and that colds can. be passed from person to person -
In addition to observing patients at the bedside, students attended lectures in classroom and laboratory. When patient died, they dissected the body and observed the disease process which led to more understanding of the cause of sickness and death. A wider range of students studied medicine in the 18th century.
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Discovered the element oxygen, and that plant's refresh air that has lost oxygen, which makes it usable for respiration -
Discovered method of vaccination for smallpox, which saved millions of lives and led to immunization and preventive medicine in public health. -
Invented the stethoscope. First one was made of wood. It increased the ability to hear heart and lungs. -
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Discovered the cause of childbed fever (puerperal fever) -
Founder of modern nursing, first person to start a nursing school. -
Known as the father of microbiology, discovered that tiny microorganisms were everywhere, and that they cause diseases. Also discovered that heating milk prevented the growth of bacteria. -
Discovered that some diseases are caused by microorganisms that cannot be seen by a microscope. -
Was the first doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery, which helped prevent an infection in the incision. -
Developed asepsis. -
Discovered many disease causing organisms. -
Discovered the effect on diseases-causing organisms. -
Discovered X-Rays in 1895. -
Physicians use to use herbs, hashish and alcohol to help relive pain. During 19th and 20th centuries, nitrous oxide, ether and chloroform were discovered. They have the ability to put people in a deep sleep so they feel no pain during surgery. -
Found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria. -
Discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind and determined that body and mind work together. -
Discovered sulfonamide compounds, first medications effective in killing bacteria. -
Discovered that a dead polio virus causes immunity to poliomyelitis. -
Used live polio virus vaccine, which is more effective. -
They discovered the molecular structure of DNA, based on the double helix. In 1962 they won the Nobel prize in medicine for this discovery. -
Performed the first successful heart transplant. -
He is a pioneer of separating siamese twins and performing Hemispherectomies, surgeries on brain to stop seizures. -
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Heal faster -
No smoking in buildings. -
No periods and no pregnancy. -
Have bluetooth capabilities and move like real limbs. -
Less invasive procedure and more effective.