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Galen documented the importance of the spinal cord to the movement of limbs. Galen based much of his practice on the trachings of hippocrates.
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Barbers cut more than hair. Barber surgeons performed surgery to treat cataracts and practiced phlebotomy. They also serced with the military and treated injuries and amputated limbsn and burned the stumps.
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Most people in the middle ages died during surgrey becasue of blood loss or they couldnt get the blood to clot
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The difference between veins and arteries is made, is important because these two things do very different things. With this discovery of these comes much more research and understanding of the body
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Medical care began with Physicians becoming licensed after formal trainign with experienced doctors. (Surgeons and Physicians recieved different trainings)
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This is important because without looking at the body it is hard to treat the body and actually understand it. With the growing popularity of dissections and autopises this enables people to see the body and it's anatomy. is important to treat people with illnesses, diseases, and injuries
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Religious instructions based on the Koran taught followers social responsibilities (Rich provides for the poor) (Healthy cares for the sick)
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Health care for the sick, each hospital had separate wards for different illness, employed trained nurse, and also maintained stocks of medication.
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Frenchwoman Jacoba Felicie tries to pracitce medicine but is denied; she tried practicing medicine without a license because women felt uncomfortable going to male physiciains for treatment
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The invention of the printing press made it possible to publish books faster, and Information about new discoveries could be spread quicker
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Andreas Vesaliusa published an illustrated anatomy text. With knowledge based on dissection of human cadavers, and presented the first largely accurate description of the human body
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People began to look for the real causes of what they saw around them. The scientific method was based on observation and taking careful notes.
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Investigatons which had been forbidden by the church in the past helped correct many beliefs, and the study of human anatomy was allowed.
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The developments that took place during this time were made possible by inventions such as the microscope which allowed better accurate oberservations of paitents and symptoms.
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Francis Bacon uses microscope to discover plague fleas.
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Great changes occurred when machines were introduced and different tyoes of medicines. Stethoscope was invented and blood cells, bacteria, and protozoa could now be seen. Doctors knew that blood was carried through the body by large vessels but htye did not know how blodd circulated throughout the body. This was explained by the discovery of capillaries.
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Discovered that milkmaids exposed to cowpox did not get smallpox. The he began inoculationg people with tthe fluid for cowpox blisters. Beginning vaccinations
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Progress in this time was also made in different medicines,New tools such as the stethoscope were invented which allowed doctors to see. Blood cells, bacteria, and protozoa through a microscope.
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carried out experiments that soon became the basis for modern microbiology he also created the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax.
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Insisted on the use of carbolic soap to disinfect instruments as well as clean hands before doctors moved to another patient. Today we call his practice (The practice of disinfecting surgical equipment and hand washing as a way to prevent the spread of infection—medical asepsis)
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discovered pathogens- (or disease-producing microorganisms) are the source of some diseases and proved that Lister was correct. This was the beginning of modern bacteriology. The use of either as an anesthetic began during this period which made painless surgery possible.
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Ignaz discovered that the incidence of puerperal fever could be drastically be cut down by the use of hand disinfection in clinics
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Johns work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in Soho, London. His findings inspired fundamental changes in the water and waste systems of London, which led to similar changes in other cities, and significant improvement in health around the world
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French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity
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It was the first plague epidemic in the United States.The epidemic was recognized by medical authorities. The governor, George Pardee implemented a medical solution and the epidemic was stopped in 1904. There were 121 cases identified, including 113 deaths
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Fleming discovered "lysozyme", an enzyme that had an antibacterial effect
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He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. His best discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928,
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During this period of time more invetions came out such as th eX-rays, radium for cancer treatment, MRI's, and CAT scans which eventuall made it possible for doctors to perform organ transplants.
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cooperative health plans such as the Group Health Association were formed. most Americans continued to receive and pay for medical care directly through individual plans established with their personal physician
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The first was developed by Jonas Salk through the use of HeLa cells tested in1952. Announced to the world by Dr Thomas Francis Jr. on April 12, 1955, it consists of an injected dose of inactivated (dead) poliovirus.
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published by World Health Organization at Geneva, Switzerland, after declaration of eradiction of smallpox on earth
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The Digital Revolution which began around the 1980s also continues into the present.
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AIDS was first reported.
1982, then the FDA received first IND submission for treatment of AIDS. -
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It is now a universally acknowledged fact that maggot therapy can be used successfully to treat chronic, long-standing, infected wounds,
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This project identified a complete set of DNA which allows for new and completely individualized medications and treatments.
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A vaccine to prevent cervial cancer was approved by the FDA.
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MIPPA prvides incentives for practitioners who use electronic health records and e-prescribing.
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Scientists have genetic reprogrammed human skin cells to create cells from embryonic stem cells. this is a critical scientific accomplishment
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Japanese scientists create a form of artificial DNA.
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Laurent Lantieri performs the first full face transplant
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FDA approved of an implanted AbiCor artificial heart placed in a patient on June 24. Patient died on august 23.
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The First human liver grown from stem cells in Japan
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Rhazes's worrks were used until. the 1800s. He also played a role in the developement of medicine as a science by building on the ideas of hippocrates.
