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2400 BCE
Abacus
Abacus is called a counting frame. It has been used since ancient times in Europe, China, and Russia. It was used centuries before the Arabic numeral system. -
Napier's Bones
Napier's Bones is a manually operated calculating device created by John Napier. It calculated products and quotients. The method was based on lattice multiplication.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napier's_bones -
Pascaline
Pascaline is also called arithmetic machine. The first calculator or adding machine. It was designed and built by a French mathematician Blaise Pascal.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal's_calculator -
Stepped Reckoner
The Stepped Reckoner is another calculating machine designed by Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz. It did multiplication and addition.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepped_reckoner -
Slide Rule
Slide Rule is a mechanical analog computer. It is used for general calculations. Is closely related to a monogram.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slide_rule -
Jacquard Loom
Jacquard Loom was created by Joseph-Marie Jacquard. It enabled looms to produce knitted fabrics. Some considered it the first computer -
difference and analytical engines
Analytical engine Is a fully controlled general-purpose computer which includes automatic mechanical digital computer into it.
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-difference-engine-and-analytical-engine/ -
Scheutzian Calculation Engine
This machine, which he constructed with his son Edvard Scheutz, was based on Charles Babbage's difference engine. It was designed to present in tabular form and to print in stereotypes. It was invented by Georg Scheutz.
https://history-computer.com/inventions/the-history-of-pehr-georg-and-edvard-scheutzs-differential-engine/ -
Arithmometer
It was created by Thomas de Colmar. It was the first digital mechanical calculator. it became the first commercially successful mechanical calculator.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmometer -
Augusta Ada Byron
he invented the difference engine, which was meant to perform mathematical calculations. The difference engine was invented by Augusta Ada Byron. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/analytical-engine -
Tabulating Machine
In its basic form, a tabulating machine would read one card at a time. possibly rearranged, and add one or more numbers punched on the card to one or more counters, called accumulators. It was invented by Herman Hollerith
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabulating_machine -
Z1
The Z1 was a motor-driven mechanical computer designed by Konrad Zuse. It was a binary electrically driven mechanical calculator with limited programmability, reading instructions from punched celluloid film.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z1_(computer) -
Havard Mark 1
was a general purpose electromechanical computer that was used in the war effort during the last part of World War II. It was invented by IBM
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_ -
ENIAC
ENIAC was the first programmable general-purpose electronic digital computer, built during World War II by the United States.
https://www.britannica.com/technology/ENIAC -
The transistor
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. It was invented by William Shockley. -
EDVAC
EDVAC was one of the earliest electronic computers. Unlike its predecessor the ENIAC, it was binary rather than decimal, and was designed to be a stored-program computer. It was invented by John von Neumann.
https://history.computer.org/pioneers/eckert-jp.html#:~:text=(John)%20Presper%20Eckert,%2C%20University%20of%20Pennsylvania%2C%201943. -
UNIVAC 1
The UNIVAC I was designed as a commercial data-processing computer, intended to replace the punched-card accounting machines of the day. It could read 7,200 decimal digits per second. It was invented by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert. -
FORTRAN
Fortran is a general-purpose, compiled imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. It was invented by John Backus -
COBOL
COBOL stands for Common Business Oriented Language. It is imperative, procedural, and object-oriented. A compiler is a computer program that takes other computer programs written in a high level language and coverts them into another program. It was invented by Grace Hopper -
The mouse
The mouse is a hand-held device that transmits your commands to the computer by controlling the movement of the cursor/pointer on the computer screen. It was invented by Douglas Engelbart.
https://www.sri.com/hoi/computer-mouse-and-interactive-computing/#:~:text=First%20computer%20mouse%20prototype%20changes,computer%20mouse%20prototype%20in%201964. -
Computer Chip
An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece of semiconductor material, usually silicon. It was invented by Jack Kilby & Robert Noyce. -
The floppy disk
The floppy disk drive, also known as diskette, is a removable magnetic storage medium that allows recording of data. It was invented by Alan Shugart
https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/floppy/ -
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows, commonly referred to as Windows, is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families, all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft. It was invented by Bill Gates
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Microsoft-Corporation -
Radio Shack’s TRS-80
The TRS-80 Micro Computer System is a desktop microcomputer launched in 1977 and sold by Tandy Corporation through their Radio Shack stores.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRS-80 -
Apple II
The Apple II is an 8-bit home computer and one of the world's first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It was invented by Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak.
https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_334638#:~:text=In%201976%2C%20computer%20pioneers%20Steve,the%20public%20in%20April%201977. -
IBM Acord
The IBM Acord was the first computer made by IBM. It was the first PC which stands for Personal computer. IBM popularized the term PC.
https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-ibm-pc-1991408#:~:text=IBM%20PC%20AKA%20Acorn&text=Lowe%2C%20assembled%20in%20Boca%20Raton,popularizing%20the%20term%20%22PC.%22 -
Ethernet
Ethernet is a family of wired computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks. It was invented by Robert Metcalfe.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet#:~:text=Ethernet%20(%2F%CB%88i%CB%90%CE%B8%C9%99r,wide%20area%20networks%20(WAN).&text=Systems%20communicating%20over%20Ethernet%20divide,into%20shorter%20pieces%20called%20frames. -
Mac OS X
mac OS is a proprietary graphical operating system developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001. It was invented by Steve Jobshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS#:~:text=macOS%20succeeded%20the%20classic%20Mac,form%20the%20basis%20of%20macOS. -
iPhone
The iphone is the first smartphone designed and marketed by apple. It was created by apple.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone_(1st_generation) -
Chromebook
The Chromebook is a laptop o tablet. A mobile computer that is run on web based chrome OS. That is the main difference between a Chromebook and a windows computer. https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/laptop-vs-chromebook-whats-the-difference-and-which-best-fits-your-needs/ -
Molecular Informatics
Molecular Informatics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley VCH. It covers research in cheminformatics, quantitative structure.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_Informatics
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