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Charles Babbage-Analytical Engine
*First automatic calculator-Analytical Engine
*Based on a previous built machine, the Difference Engine which printed astronomical tables.
*Described as the succesor to the Difference Engine.
*Inadequate funding disabled the full creation of any of Babbage's machines.
*Babbage was a mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, who is best remembered now for originating the concept of a programmable computer. -
Herman Hollerith.
*In 1890, while working for the U.S. Census Bureau, was the first to take Jacquard's punch card and apply it to computing with his tabulating machine.
*With his invention of the punched card evaluating machine, the beginning of the era of automatic data processing systems was marked. His draft of this concept dominated the computing landscape for nearly a hundred years.
*He died November 17, 1929. -
Jack Kilby.
*Jack Kilby was an American electrical engineer who took part in the realization of the first integrated circuit while working at Texas Instruments in 1958.
*He was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics on December 10, 2000.
*He is also the inventor of the handheld calculator and the thermal printer, for which he has patents.
*He died on June 20, 2005. -
Z1 Computer
*Created by Konrad Zuse.
*Included a control unit and separate memory functions.
*Important breakthrough for future computer design.
*It was a binary electrically driven mechanical calculator with limited programmability, reading instructions from punched tape. -
Eniac.
*When ENIAC was announced in 1946 it was heralded in the press as a "Giant Brain".
*Invented by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.
*ENIAC-Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer.
*ENIAC was initially designed to calculate artillery firing tables for the United States Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory. -
UNIVAC
*The UNIVAC I was the second commercial computer produced in the United States.
*UNIVAC-(UNIVersal Automatic Computer I)
*It was designed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.
*The first UNIVAC was accepted by the United States Census Bureau on March 31, 1951, and was dedicated on June 14 that year. -
Steve Jobs.
*Steven Paul ("Steve" Jobs) was an American entrepreneur, marketer, and inventor, who was the co-founder, chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc.
*Built the apple I
*Died October 5, 2011. -
Bill Gates.
*used BASIC to write the program for the ALTAIR.
*an American business magnate, philanthropist, investor, computer programmer, and inventor.
*Gates is the former chief executive and chairman of Microsoft, the world’s largest personal-computer software company, which he co-founded with Paul Allen.
*Forbe's list of wealthiest people in the world. -
1St Generation Computers.
*Last to use Vacuum Tubes to store data. After 1951, computers were considered 2nd generation.
*They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.
*1940-1956 -
2nd generation computers.
*TRANSISTORS
*Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers.
*The transistor was invented in 1947 but did not see widespread use in computers until the late 1950s.
*The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-generation predecessors.
*1956-1963 -
BASIC
*BASIC (Beginner's All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) was created is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages whose design philosophy emphasizes ease of use.
*It was created by John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz.
It was the language program on the computers. -
3rd generation computers.
*INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
*The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers.
*Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.
*Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system.
*1964-1971 -
Altair Computer
First computer that could store information. Only held 265 bytes of memory and using only numbers 0 and 1 as data codes. There were lights that indicated results of programs. Was not user friendly, but became popular quickly. -
Apple II
The Apple II was a home computer that was created a short year later than the Apple I. The Apple II contained a color monitor, games, and could store information well. It was priced around $1,300. Created by Steve Jobs. -
WORDSTAR
*First word processign application. -
VISICALC
*First electronic spreadsheet application. -
Osborne Computer
*First portable computer.
*It weighed 10.7 KG (Approx. 23 pounds.)
*Created by Adam Osborne and designed by Lee Felsenstein.
*Average cost was $1,795.00. -
EXCEL
*One of the first spreadsheets to use a GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE. -
Pagemaker.
*FIRST DESKTOP PUBLISHING SOFTWARE. -
Mosaic Web Browser
*The Mosaic Web Browser allowed users to view multimedia on the web, causing internet traffic to increase by nearly 350%.
*Mosaic was developed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA).
*Microsoft licensed Spyglass Mosaic in 1995 for US$2 million, modified it, and renamed it Internet Explorer. -
Introduction of the GUI
*GUI- Graphical User Interface.
*Allowed users to interact with their computers easier.
*GUI wasn't desgined by a computer company, XEROX, a photocopier company was making a computer of it's own when the GUI was made. -
4th Generation Computers.
*MICROPROCESSORS
*The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers.
*What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer—from the central processing unit and memory to input/output controls—on a single chip.
*In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user, and in 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh.
*1971-PRESENT
