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Alan Turing publishes Computing Machine and Intelligence. This proposal goes on to be dubbed the Turing Test. The Turing Test sets a goal for AI researchers to work towards, and is a test for artificial intelligence which no computer as of yet has been able to pass.
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Designed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the UNIVAC I was the first digital computer designed and marketed for businesses and was the first commercially available computer.
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The first commercially available hard drive was created by IBM, ushering in the hard disk as a storage medium that would become so prolific in modern computing.
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Invented by John Backus, Fortran was the first high level computer programming language, allowing programmers to write code in a more natural way. This allowed programs to be more easily written and evolved into the modern programming languages we have now.
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Invented by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce The integrated circuit reduced the space and power needed for computing and paved the way for compact modern computers and electronics
