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They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.
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Mobile telephones for automobiles became available from some telephone companies in the 1940s.
Early devices were bulky and consumed high power and the network supported only a few simultaneous conversations. -
• The first generation computers used vacuum tubes for circuit
•were often enormous, taking up entire rooms
They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.
• First generation computers relied on machine language,
• Input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and output was displayed on printouts.
• The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices. -
• The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-generation
• Though the transistor still generated a great deal of heat that subjected the computer to damage
• still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output.
• Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers.
• The transistor was invented in 1947
• did not see widespread -
• allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory.
• development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers.
• Transistors were miniaturized
• placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors
• Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers -
• As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks
• The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers
• thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.
• What the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand.
• The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971
• In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user
• in 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh.
• Microprocessors also moved -
Second generation, also called 2-G, mobile telephones were introduced in the nineties.
The introduction of 2-G systems saw telephones move from historic 1G telephones to small hand held items, which were much more portable -
• Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology will radically change the face of computers in years to come.
• Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development
• though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today.
• The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language
