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Philosophers and scientists collaborated on the development of this important invention which was created to help spread knowledge among an educated public. It contains science, literature and new advances whith their own technical applications. -
The Industrial revolution started in Great Britain in the mid-18th century. -
He improve the Newcomen steam engine creating a much more efficient machine, which became the driving force behind industry and transport. It uses the power from steam to generate continious movement thar was transfered to machinery. -
After a long period of war against British, the thirteen colonies get the independence and Georg Washington became the first president of United States in 1789. -
Spanish monarch who restored the bourbon monarchy in 19th century. -
It was a revolutionary movement that wanted to end with the absolutism and the stratified estate system. They proposed new forms of social organisation and government introducing the new ideas of the enlightenment.
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Began his conquest of Europe and was crowned emperor by the Pope. His army and the use of new military tactics enabled him to defeat most European monarchies.
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A popular revolt started in Spain among population against French occupation. It ended in 1813 with the Treaty of Valençay allowing Ferdinand VII's return to Spain. -
Period of time when the American colonies get the independence from Spain due to the spread of principles of equality and freedom of French Revolution and the Declaration of Independence of US. Discontent among local bourgueoisie and the weak Spanish monarchy.
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Was a movement started in England in the early 19th century. It consisted of the violent destruction of machinery in the belief thar it was responsible for low wages and unemployment. -
1812 Constitution known as La Pepa was approved by Cádiz Cortes and it established national sovereignty, separation of powers, universal male suffrage and recognised broad individual freedoms. -
This congress didn't respect the liberal principles or the nationalist aspirations of some European peoples.
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They were a serie of revolutions in Mediterranean part of Europe. They emerge due to the defeat of French Revolution that supposed the return of Ancien Régime principles. -
Period of time during the rein of Ferdinand the VII in which there were a pronunciamiento led by Coronel Rafael del Riego and the king was forced to reinstate the Constitution of 1812.
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The repeal of the laws prohibiting workers's association in England led to the creation of the first official trade unions, which united workers in the same field, such as the Union of Spinners. -
It used a steam engine to generate continious motion of the wheels. This new transport system could carry more passengers and goods in less time and at a lower cost. -
One of the revolutions thar ended whith the restoration of absolutismm, this was replaced by liberal political systems governed by a constitution in which the bourgeoisie held power. -
She was the daughter of Ferdinand VII and she heir the throne when was three years old. -
(The Spring of Nations) Showed how countries under the control of empires wanted to pursue the idea of nationalism and the creation of new liberal governments.
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Document drafted by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles who denounced the explotation of workers and advocated a revolution to destroy capitalism. -
At the initiative of Karl Marx, the International Workingmen's Association (First International) was created to advocate the need for workers around the world to unite in order to achive social emancipation.
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When Austria left Venetia and the Papal States were annexed by Italy, the newly unified state established its capital in Rome. -
Prussia won the three wars (on Denmark, Austria and France) making possible the unification so Wilhemelm I was proclaimed emperor of the Second German Empire. -
When Amadeo I abdicated, the Cortes voted to form a republic.
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It began in December when General Martinez Campos proclaimed Isabella II's son, Alfonso XII, king of Spain. -
Series of events on St. Petesburg (Russia) when unarmed demostrators were fired upon by soldiers of the Imperial Guard as they marched towards the Winter Palace to present a petition to Tsar Nicholas II -
Wars in 1912 and 1913 to get the control over the Mediterranean Sea between the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the winners who were Serbia allied with Russia. -
Tensions between the major European powers led to a period of "armed peace" that eventually resulted in the First World War.
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Took place in Russia where there was a large demonstration, followed by a general strike and riots in the barracks. The tsar abdicated and a republic was proclaimed, it was headed by a provisional government which promised to call constituent alections to make Russia a parliamentary democracy. -
Russia signed this treaty with Germany after the Bolshevik Revolution and withdrew from the war -
the peace treaty that ended the war between Germany and the Allied Powers. -
intergovernmental organisation founded in 1920 to maintain world peace after the First World War -
The Bolsheviks with the support of the Soviets has created their own armed militia (Red Guards) and prepared for an insurrection. The rebels occupied Petrograd, tood the Winter Palace and overthrew the provisional government. The revolution quickly spread to Moscow and industrial regions. -
Ideological and political war between states and colonies from the five continents. It was a vast conflict due to the enormous number of of human resources mobilised.
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Hitler attacked the USSR, quickly reaching the gates of Moscow and Leningard. -
Japan destroyed the US fleet in Pearl Harbour and the US entered the war. -
Creation of an international peacekeeping body in the second conference in Yalta. -
Atomic bomb dropped in this cities by US to force Japan to surrender. -
Text that remains hugely important to this day, it established the sovereign equality of all members states and promoted the maintenance of peace and the rights of peoples to self-determination.
