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Jan 1, 1096
Crusades are fought
The crusdaes were fought for control of the holy land. The Christian Byzantine empire was under attack by muslim seljuk turks. Pope urban || called for a crusdae to regain control of Jerusalem. -
Jan 1, 1300
Renaissance begins
The term Renaissance, literally means "rebirth". Renaissance began in Italy. all events the Renaissance was heralded through the recovery by Italian scholars of Greek and Roman classical literature. -
Jan 1, 1337
100 year war begins
England wanted control of France. The French allied with the scots. The French continually tried to gain the upper hand at sea, and the englishconstantly resisted them. -
Jan 1, 1347
Black death begins in Europe
It was spread by fleas. People died within days. The Black Death killed 25 million people. -
Jan 1, 1368
Ming Dynasty in China
In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang officially proclaimig himslef emperor Ying Tian and founded the Ming Dynasty. Yuanzhang becme leader of a large rebel group called the Red Turban army. At the fall of the Ming Dynasty there were rebellions and natural disasters and the economy was in shamble. -
Jan 1, 1405
Voyages of Zheng He
Zheng had the largest wooden shiips ever built. In 1417 his tresure fleet visited the Arabian peninsula and, for the first time, Africa. Zheng presumably died in route home and was buried at sea in 1433. -
Jan 1, 1431
Joan of Arc burned at the stake
Joan claimed that saint Margaret, saint Catherine, and saint Micheal spoke to her. England resented Joan's support of the French Crown. Contrary to connon law, Joan was denied legal advisor. -
Jan 1, 1453
Ottomans conquer constantinople
Ottomans became one of the most powerful empires, The Eastern Roman Empire fell and lasted. After the Constantinople conquest, 21 years old Ottoman Sultan II. Mehmed also took the title “The Conqueror” added to his name -
Jan 1, 1455
Johannes Gutenburg - printing press
This method of printing can be credited not just for production of books, but also for fostering rapid development in the sciences, arts and religion through the transmission of texts. It remained the standard untill the 20th century. The Gutenberg printing press developed from the technology of the screw-type wine presses of the Rhine Valley. -
Jan 1, 1492
Jews, gypsies and moors expelled from spain
Jews who refuse to convert to Christianity will be expelled from the country. Some who chose conversion risked their lives by secretly practicing Jewdism. Many spanish jews wen to North Africa, the Netherlands, and the Americas to put their skill, capital, and commercial connections were put to good use. -
Jan 1, 1492
1st voyage of Columbus
Was in comand of 3 ships: the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. The first land sighted was the Bahamas. When Columbus reached Cuba, on October 28th, he thought he had found China. -
Jan 1, 1498
Da Gama lands in India
Da Gama landed in calicut after decades of sailors tried to reach the Indies with thousands of lives and dozens of vessels were lost in shipwreaks and attacks. The legondary Indian spice routes were created by trading along Northern and coastal West Africa. His Discovery opened the way for the Portuguese to establish a long - lasting colonial impire in Asia. -
Jan 1, 1501
safavid empire
The attempts to revive religious orthodoxy through revenue reform gave momentum to the spread of Safavid Shi'a propaganda. Sheikh Jonayd's son Sheikh Heydar led a movement that had begun as a Sufi order under his ancestor Sheikh Safi od-Din Ardabili. This order may be considered to have originally represented a puritanical, but not legalistically so, reaction against the corruption of Islam, the staining of Muslim lands, by the Mongol infidels. -
Jan 1, 1503
Da Vinci paints the Mona Lisa
It is the worlds most famous painting. The painting is of Mona Lisa, the wife of Francisco del Giocondo, a wealthy Florentine silk merchant. The Mona Lisa is currently located in France at the louvre museum. -
Sep 16, 1507
The naming of the "New World"
The Americas were named after Amerigo Vespucci, a navigator that traveled to "The New World" in 1499. A german cartographer, Waldseemüller, made a new map that included The New World in 1507. Waldseemüller mistakenly thought vespucci was the first to discover this new land and so named it after him. -
Jan 1, 1508
Michelangelo begins painting Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo first refused saying he was a sculptor not a painter. It was hard work that required Michelangelo to paint while laying on his back on top of a scaffold. He not only overcame these obstacles but after four years revealed a masterpiece. -
Jan 1, 1517
Martin Luther posts 95 Theses
He invinted debate on a pressing church issue: The relationship between money and religion. He touched off a history - shattering reform movement. The theses were posted on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg which functioned as a bulletin board. -
Sep 20, 1519
Magellan starts his around the world trip
Portuguese navigator Ferdinand and Magellan sets sail from Spain in an effort to find a western sea route to the rich Spice Islands of Indonesia. In command of five ships and 270 men, Magellan sailed to West Africa and then to Brazil, where he searched the South American coast for a route that would take him to the Pacific. He searched the Río de la Plata for a way through, but that failing, he continued south along the coast of Patagonia. -
Jan 1, 1526
Mughal Empire begins
During the 1700s is when the empire was most powerful. The Mughals brought art and trading which became a large part of culture. The religions people believed in during the time of the Empire were mostly Hinduisim and Islamic. -
Jan 1, 1526
Slave trade across Atlanic
More slaves were taken to South America then to North America. The Portuguese were the first to partisipate in slave trade to the New World. The slave trade is sometimes called Maafa by Africans and African American scholars meaning "The Great Disaster" in Swahili. -
Jan 1, 1533
Pizzaro invades the Inca Empire
High in the Andes Mountains of Peru, the Inca built a dazzling empire that governed a population of 12 million people. Atahuallpa, the 13th and last emperor of the Incas, died being strangled by Francisco Pizzaro's Spanish conquistadors. -
Jan 1, 1543
Copernicus publishes heliocentric theory
He proposed that the Earth had a daily axial rotation and a anual rotation around the sun. He also said there is a 3rd motion related to precession which is the 25,800 year long cycle reflecting the changing position of the Earth in space. His observation were made with the "naked eye", as the invention of the telescope did not occur for decades after his death. -
Jan 1, 1545
Council of Trent
The Council of Trent had an important part determining the Counter Reformation. The Council of Trent was called by Paul III who was pope from 1534-1549 and it first sat in December of 1545. It was disbanded in 1563 though it looked to have a life span of 18 years, it was only engaged in talks for 4 1/2 years. -
Jan 1, 1556
Philip II rules Spain
Philip II is considred one of the greatest sovereigns in history of Spainin terms of leading global exploration & colonial expansion across the Atlantic & the Pasific. During his reign, Philip II stretched his empire across continents, creating 1 of the vastest empires ever known & re-shaping the political map of the world. He played havoc on the lives of many in the New World, seizing their land, their gold, destroying their cultural heritage & sometimes reinforcing conversion to Christianity. -
Jan 1, 1558
Elizabeth 1 becomes Queen of England
Queen Elizabeth was a princess but declared illegimate through political machinations. She eventually claimed the throne at the age of 25 and held it for 44 years, keeping England in the Ascendant through wars, and political and religious turmoil. Queen Elizabeth dies in 1603. -
Jamestown, colony in Virginia, founded
Jamestown was named after King James I. Jamestown became the first permanent English settlement in North America. Jamestown is on the bank of the James river. -
Age of Enlightenment
The age of enlightenment, sometimes called the Age of Reason, refers to the time of the guiding intellectual movemnet, called The enlightenment. The enlightenments advocated reason as a means to establishing an authoritative system of aesthetics, ethics, government, and even religion. The wide availability of knowlage was made possible through through the production of encyclopedias, serving the cause of educating the human race. -
Louis XIV becomes King of France
He became king in 1643 but as of 1661 he started reforming France. In 1667 he invaded the Spanish Netherlands. From 1672 - 1678 he ingaged France in the Franco Dutch war. He died September 1st, 1715. -
Qing Dynasty in China begins
The Qing Dynasty was first established in 1636 by the Manchus to designate their regime in Manchuria. In 1644 the Chinese capital at Beijing was captured by the bandit leader Li Zicheng and desperate Ming Dynasty officials called on the Manchus for aid. The Manchus took advantage of the opportunity to seize the capital and establish their own dynasty in China. -
Thomas Hobbes writes Leviathan
Thomas Hobbes was best known for his book Leviathan and his political views on society. He went to Magdalen Hall in Oxford to study at age 14. He also became well known for his writings and disputes on religious subjects. -
oliver cormwell rules England
Oliver was a very religious man who believed that everybody should lead their lives according to what was written in the Bible. Even though Oliver was a very religious man, he had a hatred for the Irish Catholics. He believed that they were all traitors willing to help any Catholic nation that wanted to attack England. -
Peter I (the great) becomes Czar
Peter was intrested in learning about all types of technology and science. Although Russia was land locked he was very intreted in ship building and seamanship, particularly navigaton. In his first years as Czar, Peter was hot very intrested in government and stayed away from Moscow, the capital city of Russia. -
Catherine the Great rules Russsia
On Augest 21st 1745 Catherine married into the Russian royal family becoming a grand duchess. After Empress Elizabeths death in December 25th, 1761, Catherine's husband took the throne becoming Peter III, while she received the title Empress Consort. Under her reign, Russia expanded its territories and mondernized, following the lead of Western Europe. -
French Revolution Begins
The French people wanted voting by head and not by status. There were rumors of an impending militarycoup and an insurgury culiminated on July 14th when rioters stormed the Bastille fortress to secure gun powder and weapons. Many people consider the storming of the Bastille the start of the French Revolution. -
U.S. Constitution is ratified
On September 17, 1787 after three months of debate moderated by convention president George Wshington created a strong federal government with an intricate system of checks and balences, it was signed by 38 of 41 delegates present at the conclusion of the convection. As dictated by Article VII, the document would not become blinding until it was ratiled by 9 of the 13 states. New Hampshire was the 9th and last necessary state to ratify the Constitution of the US, making the document the law. -
Reign of terror
The reign of terror lasted from September 1793 to the fall of robespierre in 1794. It started after Luis XVI died. The Reign of Terror was made to fight the enimies of the revolution and to prevet counter - revolution from gaining ground. -
Napoleon becomes Emperor
Napoleon crowned himself at the coronation and then crowned Josephine empress. He was a workaholic and offten stayed in his study for days. Napoleon worked hard to create an image of grandur and heroism. -
Napolean defeated at Waterloo
Napolean was one of the greatest military strategists in history. The battle took place 12 miles south of Brussels near the village of waterloo. Napolean was exiled to Saint Helena, a remote island in the Atlantic off the coast of Africa. -
Henry VIII founds Anglican church
Many English kings saw the Roman Catholic Church as having entirely to much power in their country. Parliament decreed that the king now the Pope, would be responsible for appointing cleargy to high positions in the church. The official break came when Henry was reconized as the only supreme head of the church in England. -
Tokugawa Shogunate ends
This was the final period of traditional Japan, a time of internal peace, political stability, and economic growth under shogunate (military dictatership) founded by Tokuga Leyasu. As part of the systematic plan to maintain stability, the social order was frozen and mobility between 4 classes was prohibited. The emphasis placed on algriculture production by the Tokugawa Shogunate encouraged conciderable growth in that economic sector.
