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The persian Empire tried to conquer Greece Three times but failed all three times. The Persian empire tried to conquer Greece in Marathon, Thermopylae and Salamis. The Persians wanted revenge after the Athenians helped on of their colonies residing in the persian empire. Darius the great wanted revenge and he put down the revolt and vowed to defeat Athens.
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The battle of Marathon was won by the greeks through the Phalanx formation at the city-state Marathon. The persians were much had soldiers than the Greeks but the Greeks used the Phalanx formation which led them to victory. The phalanx formation were foot soldiers (called hoplites) fought side by side spear and shield. After the victory Pheidippides ran 26 miles to inform Athens of the victory in Marathon. (he died after running that long).
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The battle of Salamis was a fight fought in the the sea with boats, Greeks against Spartans. For the third time the persians had more boats and soldiers but jet again the greeks win because they outsmarted the Spartans. The Greeks trapped them and because of that they won. Greeks sunk ⅓ of the persian fleets and in total the Greeks won all of the Persian wars!
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The battle of Thermopylae was a war fought in Thermopylae, 7000 Athens against 10000 Spartans. Spartans tried a second time to conquer Greece but failed. 300 spartans held Thermopylae a mountain pass, for 3 days, but eventually lost because the Athens found a secret passage around the mountain pass (a trail through the mountain) given by a traitor from greek. So even ogh the Athens were less soldiers they ultimately won.
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The Golden Age was in the time period 479-431. The Golden Age was when athens became very wealthy and powerful as leader of the Delian league after the persian war. The golden age led to democracy, Theaters and Sculptures. The change in the culture led to classical art and Theater beeing very popular. The golden age occurred between the Persian war and the Peloponnesian war.
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The Golden age ended when the Spartans who could not tolerate the Athenians anymore since they fought they had too much control in the Delian league. The peloponnesian war started in the end of the Golden Age by the Spartans. The Spartans were getting mad because the Athenians had gotten too much control as leaders as the Delian league, they wanted a change.
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Alexander the Great was son of Phillip the II, king of macedonia who conquered Greece. Phillip died when Alexander was only 20 years old which made him King of Macedonia, The Persian Empire and Greece. Alexander the Great was well-educated and well-trained as a military officer. Alexander also conquered many different places like, Croatia, Egypt and India. Alexander the Great Died at age 33 of malaria in India. His empire was split up between his generals.
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Alexander's empire combined knowledge of 4 great empires, Greece, Persia, Egypt and India. The combination of these empires with different cultures ideas Created a new culture known as Hellenistic culture. Alexandria in Egypt was the most important city for Hellenistic culture and was a city of knowledge for many years. This culture included many smart people and many started to study and go to school.
