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Darius was responsible for more than just the expansion of the empire. He also centralized the administration of the empire, encouraged cultural and artistic pursuits, introduced legal reforms, and developed juridical systems.
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Pericles transformed his city’s alliances into an empire and graced its Acropolis with the famous Parthenon. His policies and strategies also set the stage for the devastating Peloponnesian War.
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The Athenians’ feelings are best expressed by Aeschylus, who fought in the Persian wars, in his tragic play The Persians: “On, sons of the Hellenes! Fight for the freedom of your country!
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the Greek navy, which had managed to get away from Artemisium, stayed on the isle of Salamis, opposite Athens. The presence of the enemy close to Phaleron, the Athenian harbor, created a strategic problem for the Persians.
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Greece make peace with Argos and Sparta for thirty years because of another wars started or an breakout wars.
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Pericles was born into one of Athens’ leading families. His father Xanthippus was a hero of the Persian War and his mother belonged to the culturally powerful Alcmaeonidae family.
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In the 5th century BCE Sparta and Athens were the two major powers in Greece and it was perhaps inevitable that their spheres of influence would overlap and cause conflict.
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Pericles and an army of five thousand infantrymen supported by fifty ships returned to Euboea and subdued the entire island.
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Learning of Persian intentions, the Greek city-states began making preparations for war. Though possessing a weak army, Athens began building a large fleet of triremes under the guidance of Themistocles