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Germany was divided into 36 states and associated with the German Confederation in which Prussia and Austria were the strongest and were competing for power.
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Prussia created a custom union (Zollverein) that united the majority of Germanic states.
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Germany’s first freely elected parliament met and offered the crown of Germany to the king of Prussia, who refused it because its parliament was liberal.
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The first moves towards a united Germany were made as Wilhelm I became king of Prussia and made Otto von Bismarck chancellor.
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War of the duchies: Prussia and Austria defeated Denmark and snatched it duchies of Schleswig and Holstein.
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Prussia defeated Austria in Sadowa.
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Franco-Prussian war (1870-71). Prussia defeated France of Napoleon III.
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Wilhelm I was proclaimed Kaiser of the Second German Empire (Reich).