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6000 BCE
ANCIENT EGYPT
- The early Egyptians settled along the fertile Nile valley as early as about 6000 BCE.
- It is thought that the Egyptians introduced the earliest fully-developed base 10 numeration system at least as early as 2700 BCE.
- The Rhind Papyrus, dating from around 1650 BCE, is a kind of instruction manual in arithmetic and geometry.
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2000 BCE
CHINESE MATHEMATICS
- The simple but efficient ancient Chinese numbering system, which dates back to at least the 2nd millennium BCE.
- Written numbers, however, employed the slightly less efficient system of using a different symbol for tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.
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1200 BCE
INDIAN MATHEMATICS
- Indian mathematics emerged in the Indian subcontinent from 1200 BCE until the end of the 18th century.
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539 BCE
BABYLONIAN MATHEMATICS
- Babylonian mathematics was any mathematics developed or practiced by the people of Mesopotamia, from the days of the early Sumerians to the fall of Babylon in 539 BC.
- In contrast to the scarcity of sources in Egyptian mathematics, our knowledge of Babylonian mathematics is derived from some 400 clay tablets unearthed since the 1850s.
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31 BCE
Classical and Hellenistic
- The Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek (Hellenic) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC.
- The emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. 3.The Greeks referred to themselves as the “Hellenes”, and classical Greek civilization is therefore sometimes labelled “Hellenic”.
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31 BCE
Greek Mathematics
- The ancient Greek numeral system, known as Attic or Herodianic numerals, was fully developed by about 450 BCE, and in regular use possibly as early as the 7th Century BCE.
- To some extent, however, the legend of the 6th Century BCE mathematician Pythagoras of Samos has become synonymous with the birth of Greek mathematics.
- But most of Greek mathematics was based on geometry.
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Sep 29, 1400
Middles Ages Islamic
1.Muslim artists discovered all the different forms of symmetry that can be depicted on a 2-dimensional surface. 2.Golden Age of Islamic science and mathematics flourished throughout the medieval period from the 9th to 15th Centuries. 3.The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe -
17th Century Math
1.In the wake of the Renaissance, the 17th Century saw an unprecedented explosion of mathematical and scientific ideas across Europe, a period sometimes called the Age of Reason. 2.Although not principally a mathematician, the role of the Frenchman Marin Mersenne as a sort of clearing house and go-between for mathematical thought in France during this period was crucial -
18th Century Math
1.The period was dominated, though, by one family, the Bernoulli’s of Basel in Switzerland, which boasted two or three generations of exceptional mathematicians, particularly the brothers, Jacob and Johann. 2.Although not principally a mathematician, the role of the Frenchman Marin Mersenne as a sort of clearing house and go-between for mathematical thought in France during this period was crucial. -
19th Century Mathematics
1.Joseph Fourier's study, at the beginning of the 19th Century, of infinite sums in which the terms are trigonometric functions were another important advance in mathematical analysis. 2.The 19th Century saw an unprecedented increase in the breadth and complexity of mathematical concepts. -
20th Century Mathematics
1.The 20th Century continued the trend of the 19th towards increasing generalization and abstraction in mathematics 2.It also saw mathematics become a major profession, involving thousands of new Ph.D.s each year. 3.The eccentric British mathematician G.H. Hardy and his young Indian protégé Srinivasa Ramanujan, were just two of the great mathematicians. -
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