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Queen Elizabeth gives Sir Walter Releigh permission to set up the American Colony of Virginia
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Pilgrim fathers land in America
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1665-7 Second Dutch War: England supported Louis XIV against Holland. After this war New Amsterdam became New York
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William Penn set up the Quaker colony of Pennsylvania
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Ireland was defeated
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it ended the war with France with favourable trading rights to England
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13th colony of the America colonies established, it was called Georgia
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Britain found an ally with Prussia against Spain, Austria, Russia and France. The war brought to Britain a great part of India, Quebec ain Canada and Dakar in Africa
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end of Seven Years' War
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American colonies rebell against the rise of taxes on trade and through tea in Boston's harbour
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Britain remained in control of many teritories: West Indies, India, Canada and Gibraltar. Captain James Cook also claimed Australia and New Zealand for Britain in the early 1770s
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Queen Victoria accessed the throne
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Hong Kong and other Chinese ports are gained after the Opium Wars
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Canada became an independent dominion in the form of a Federation
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The Suez Canal opened and the Union Pacific Railroad connected East and West coasts of the USA
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Queen Victoria was crowned Empress of India
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The Turkish rule broke down and Britsh occupied Egypt supressing Arabi's revolt. Africa was then opened to trade and British rule was extended to Niger territories, Kenya, Uganda and Southern and Northern Rhodesia. Sudan was also annexed
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British against the Dutch Afrikaaners in South Africa
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Britain recognized freedom to Ireland after some guerrila episodes. The six counties of Ulster remained part of United Kingdom and included in Northern Ireland
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recognition of the previous colonies as Dominions being"autonomous Communities within the British Empire"
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it gave complete legislative freedom to the Dominions and was considered the legal consequence of the definition "British Commonwealth of Nations". The Commonwealth Nations were: Great Britain, South Africa, Canada, Newfoundland,m Australia, New Zealand, and the Free State of Ireland
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Pakistan was formed out of the Muslim areas of India. From then many African and Asian countries have been granted Independence
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it defines the Commonwealth as ‘a voluntary association of independent states, each responsible for its own policies, consulting and cooperating in the common interest of their peoples and in the promotion of international and world peace’.
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today 54 countries are members of the Commonwealth
