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meeting of the Estates Generals
The economic problems facing France before the Estates Generals were called was the debts and the government needed money to be paid off. To raise maoney, Louis XVI had decided that the people, including the French aristocrats, should pay more taxes. Louis XVI had then called a meeting of the Estates General to address the economic crisis. When Louis called the meeting, the Estates General had not gathered in more than 170 years. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Estates-General -
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French Revolution
French Revolution Timeline -
Bastille
Fortress in Paris used as a prison. It was then destroyed on July 14, 1789. -
Parisians storm the bastille
In revolt of the monarchy about 600 angry Parisians attacked the Bastille and took control of this symbol of tyranny. Storming of Bastille became a nationlist symbol, because it then helped share a sense of belonging to the nation. It then became a central part of their national myth because it said, "We are a nation. We can govern ourselves." It showed how that everyday citizens can make a great change. https://www.reference.com/history/did-parisians-storm-bastille-8dfffe8c5252ef2d# -
Tennis Court Oath
swore never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until they have established a sound and just constitution -
writing of the declaration of the rights of men
The declaration took the traditional privileges enjoyed by the monarch, the clergy, and aristocracy; which sparked a bloody struggle that then eventually led to the creation of a French nation based on new principles. Established France as a secular republic. The 17 articles of the declaration had set out these principles and became the basis of the new French constitution. Defined the individual and collective rights of all people. https://constitution.laws.com/declaration-of-the-rights-of-man -
Establishment of the constitution
It retained its monarchy, but sovereignty effectively resided in the Legislative Assembly. It was elected by a system of indirect voting. The franchise was restricted to “active” citizens who paid a sum in taxes; about two-thirds of adult men had the right to vote for electors and choose certain local officials directly. The constitution had lasted less than a year. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Constitution-of-1791-French-history -
Death of King Louis XVI
After being convicted of communicating with foreign powers and sentenced to death by the French National Convention, King Louis XVI is executed by guillotine in the Place de la Revolution in Paris on January 21. -
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The Reign of Terror
Not everyone in France had agreed with the way the revolution was being carried out. Many people were horrified by the brutal acts that were taking place. Fearing opposition within the country, revolutionary leaders then began a crackdown that became known as the Reign of Terror. It lasted for 11 months in 1793 and 1794. The constitution had been suspended and anyone who criticized the revolution was targeted. 17,000 people was sentenced to death. https://www.britannica.com/event/Reign-of-Terror -
Death of Queen Marie Antoinette
Marie Antoinette had been put on trial for treason and theft, as well as a false accusation and disturbing charge of sexual abuse towards her own son. After a two-day trial, an all-male jury found Marie Antoinette guilty on all the charges against her. She was sent to the guillotine, on October 16, 1793. https://www.biography.com/people/marie-antoinette-9398996 -
Napoleon Builds an Empire
Napoleon had brought the Netherlands, and Belgium, as well as parts of Italy and Germany into France. He also abolished the Holy Roman Empire and made a 38 member Confederation of the Rhine under the French Protection. Napoleon had basically controlled all of Europe. https://sites.google.com/site/napoleon13243590h1/napoleon-builds-his-empire -
Napoleon Overthrows the Directory
Napoleon was a French general and a French emperor. He overthrows the Directory by coup d'état, trickery, and force. Directory and the French Revolution came to an end with the coup d'état which Napoléon overthrew the Directory and replaced it with the Consulate. http://www.history.com/topics/napoleon -
Napoleon invades Russia
In 1812, he committed a grave error by leading his Grande Armée across the Niemen River into Russia. Although they never lost a pitched battle there, the Grande Armée was almost completely wiped out within the six months by freezing temperatures, food shortages, disease and Russian assaults. This had proved to be the beginning of the end for Napoleon, who was forced into exile in April 1814. http://www.history.com/news/napoleons-disastrous-invasion-of-russia-200-years-ago -
The Congress of Vienna Meets
The representatives from all the states which had participated in the wars were invited, the principal negotiations were conducted by Britain, Russia, France, and Austria. The congress met to redo the map of Europe and develop a balance of power that would prevent a massive take-over by one country. Objective resulted in the redrawing of the continent's political map, and undo the changes made by Napoleon in Europe. -
Napoleon Defeated at Waterloo
Napoleon had lost 25,000 men both killed and wounded, then, had another 9,000 captured. Allied casualties numbered about 23,000. In a couple of days, Napoleon was forced to abdicate once again. This time, he was exiled to far-off St. Helena, where he died nearly six years later. -
Guiiotine
it's a machine that ends a life instantly by slicing the head off.
