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Black Codes
These were local laws that tried to control the lives of african americans. They were put in place after the Civil War. Southern states wanted to control all the aspects of blacks. If the codes were broken they could be fined or punished. They were mostly punished by hitting them and going to jail. -
The 13th Amendment
This amendment banned slavery in the United States. It was made into a "fix" on the constitution based on the Emancipation Proclamation. -
The 14th Amendment
This amendment said that all people born in the U.S. are considered citizens no matter what race or parent background. This also means that all citizens have equal rights no matter race and was protected by the due process law. -
The 15th Amendment
This amendment gave the right to blacks to vote. Though this didn't give the right for black women to vote only the men. Even though they were allowed to vote people still found ways that prevented them from voting. For example, they would make test in which they would take and if they passed they could vote. Since mostly all of the blacks weren't educated they would fail and not be able to vote. -
Sharecropping/ Tenant Farming
When slaves were given freedom they really didn't know what to do because they were not educated so they couldn't work in normal jobs. They would resort to either sharecropping or tenant farming. Sharecropping is where a land owner would give a former slave a piece of land so they can tend and harvest. Though they would have to share a portion of the harvest with the land owner. Tenant farming was were they would rent a piece of farm land and not have to share a portion of the harvest. -
Jim Crow Laws
These laws made whites and blacks have separate facilities. Usually the whites had better facilities while the blacks had way worse. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
In Louisiana they passed a law that required blacks and whites to ride in different train carts. Plessy was asked to take part of a test case. He was asked to ride in the white train cart because he was born free but is mixed. He went on it but was asked to move to the black cart because of his african decent. Plessy refused and was arrested. He decided to go to court and won. -
The 19th Amendment
This amendment allows citizens of the U.S. to vote. I can not be denied based on the sex of a person. This means that women are now allowed to vote. -
Civil Disobedience
Civil disobedience is to not follow certain laws. It is a peaceful way to protest. An example of civil disobedience is Rosa Parks when she refused to give up her seat for a white man. -
The 20th Amendment
This amendment gives a limit to the president on how many years they can be in office. Without term limits presidents would be in office forever and it wouldn't be a democracy as much. A president that could run long would start making their own choices. -
Federal Housing Authority
The FHA provides mortgage insurance on loans that are made by FHA approved lenders. The FHS is the largest mortgage insurer in the world. -
Lester Maddox
Opened the Pickrick restaurant after having a successful first restaurant. Once the Civil Rights Act of 1964 he refused to allow Blacks even though the law changed. He even said "he would close his restaurant rather than to serve African Americans. He had black employees but wouldn't serve them. Then a group of blacks went to the restaurant to protest but Maddox went up to them with an axe handle. -
Hector P. Garcia
Garcia founded the American G.I. Forum. He started it because he saw that Mexican Americans veterans needed help to file claims with the Veterans Admin. He saw that Mexican Americans veterans were not receiving the same treatment as whites so he decided to change that. -
Desegregation
In 1948 President Truman ended the segregation in the military. The firs black Marine Corp troop was called the Tuskegee Airmen. It wasn't fair for people to be segregated in the military because they were all there to help defend the country. -
Brown v. Board of Education
This case was made to argue that separate public schools for whites and black was wrong. They argued the "separate but equal" decision from the Plessy v. Ferguson. The schools were not equal at all because the blacks would get a lower education than the whites. This case won the second time it was argued. This case is what made us have diverse schools. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall went to Howard University to be come a lawyer. He won the case of Brown v. Board of Education. Marshall was the first African American Supreme Court Justice. He served for 24 years. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks was the figure head for the bus boycott in Montgomery. She had got the idea from a 15 year old that was arrested for doing that. She decided to do it because she would be a better figure for this. Parks worked for the NAACP and they supported her with the idea. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The boycott started after Rosa Parks's arrest because she refused to give her seat to a white person. It lasted 381 days. The bus companies lost money because the blacks wouldn't ride the bus and most of the bus riders were usually blacks. Bus segregation end in Montgomery due to the boycott. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
The Act of 1957 helped to protect the voting rights of the people. It prevented any type of interference in voting. It was the first civil rights legislation passed by the U.S congress since reconstruction. -
Orville Faubus
Faubus was the governor of Arkansas. He had ordered State guard to stop black students from entering Little Rock High School. He even closed the school down which was known as "The Lost Year." -
Sit-ins
4 university students sat at a restaurant counter where they only served to whites. Even though they were refused service the students refused to leave. Word spread about what was happening and over time at one point in the restaurant 200,00 people showed up to protest. -
Affirmative Action
It was signed by President John F. Kennedy stating that government employers to not discriminate any employee of potential employee based on race, color or origin. -
Cesar Chavez
Chavez founded the National Farm Workers Association in 1962. He was a Mexican-American union leader and labor organizer. His first strike ever with agricultural workers was the strike against grape growers in California. He helped with the working conditions of farm workers in the U.S. -
Betty Friedan
She wrote The Feminine Mystique which is credited for influencing feminism in the 20th century. She wanted "equal partnership with men." She co-founded and elected as the first president of the National Organization for Women (NOW). -
George Wallace
He first became Governor of Alabama in 1963. He served for 2 nonconsecutive terms and then for two consecutive terms. He was also a candidate for the Presidential election 4 times. Wallace was pro-segregationist. "I say segregation today, segregation tomorrow, and segregation forever." -
Nonviolent Protest
Nonviolent protest is were people protest for a change for something while not using violence. The most common was civil disobedience. One of the most influential nonviolent protest was the Birmingham campaign 1963. Though a lot of the people that participated were hurt because Birmingham was a heavily segregated city. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
He was most known for his I Have A Dream speech. He was the leader of the Civil Right movement and believed in nonviolent civil disobedience. He wanted equal rights for blacks and for desegregation in all public works. -
The 24th Amendment
This amendment prevents state and congress from requiring a poll tax before voting. If this was still in place today there would be less people voting. No one would like to vote if the had to pay. -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
This Civil Rights Act helps outlaw discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin. It was enacted on July 2, 1964. It also prohibits unfair voter registration requirements, school and employment segregation and in public facilities. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This act made the 15th amendment stronger. It made poll taxes and literacy test illegal. People aren't able to discriminate based on race when it came to voting. -
Head Start
This program provides children education, health, nutrition and parent involvement services to families of low income. It helps make stable family relationships and help children be emotionally and physical okay. -
Upward Bound
This program helps high school students from a low income family and from families were neither parent has a bachelor's degree tp be able to have higher education pursuits. Their goal is to have more people complete a secondary education. -
The 26th Amendment
This amendment is the reason we can now vote at the age of 18. This amendment doesn't allow for the feds. and states deny the ability to vote based on age. -
Title IX
Title 9 is part of the Education Amendments of 1972. It prohibits discrimination based on sex in public schools. Everyone should be accepted into any public school. No matter the sex, people should have equal education. -
Lynching
Lynching was were someone would be hung or killed because they were accused of doing something. They wouldn't have a trial or even be proven guilty. There were about 5,000 documented lynching between 1870-1940. This was a way on controlling the african american population. The last recorded lynching was in 1980
