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Jim Crow laws
Jim Crow laws were state laws that enforced racial segregation. This segregated public schools,public places, and public transportation. It Also segregated restrooms, restaurants, and drinking fountains between black and whites. -
13th Amendment
"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." -
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Black codes
In the United States, the Black Codes were laws passed by Democrat-controlled Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. -
14th Amendement
No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law or deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. -
15th Amendment
Granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." -
Share cropping
A form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land. -
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Lynching
Was the hanging of African Americans after salvery -
Plessy V. Ferguson
A African-American train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking a law. Rejecting Plessy’s argument that his constitutional rights were violated, the Court ruled that a state law that “implies merely a legal distinction” between whites and blacks did not conflict with the 13th and14th Amendments. -
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Hector P. Garcia
was a Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. -
19th Amendment
The amendment states that the right of citizens to vote "shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." -
Betty Friedan
Betty Friedanwas an American writer, activist, and feminist. A leading figure in the women's movement in the United States, her 1963 book The Feminine Mystique -
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Cesar Chavez
Chavez was a Union leader and labor organizer Chavez dedicated his life to improving the treatment, pay and working conditions for farm workers. He knew all too well the hardships farm workers faced. -
20th Amendment
The United States Constitution moved the beginning and ending of the terms of the president and vice president from March 4 to January 20, and of members of Congress from March 4 to January 3. -
Federal Housing Authority
The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) is a United States government agency created in part by the National Housing Act of 1934. It sets standards for construction and underwriting and insures loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building. -
Desegregation
Desegregation was long a focus of the Civil Rights Movement, both before and after the United States Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education, particularly desegregation of the school systems and the military. -
Brown V. Board of Education
Was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. -
Thurgood Marshell
Thurgood was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice. -
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Non Violent Protest
King's non-violent movement was inspired by the teachings of Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi. Led by King, millions of blacks took to the streets for peaceful protests as well as acts of civil disobedience and economic boycotts in what some leaders describe as America's second civil war. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery bus boycott, a seminal event in the Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
MLK was a Baptist minister and social activist who played a key role in the American civil rights movement from the mid-1950s until his assassination in 1968. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks was an activist in the Civil Rights Movement, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement". Parks was not the first person to resist bus segregation. -
Orval Faubus
Was an American politician who served as 36th Governor of Arkansas from 1955 to 1967. -
Civil Right Act of 1957
The first civil rights legislation since Reconstruction. The new act established the Civil Rights Section of the Justice Department and empowered federal prosecutors to obtain court injunctions against interference with the right to vote. -
Sit in's
A sit-in or sit-down is a form of direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change. -
Affirmative Action
In Canada and South Africa, is the policy of favoring members of a disadvantaged group who suffer or have suffered from discrimination within a culture. -
George Wallace
George was an American politician and the 45th Governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms as a Democrat -
Lester Maddox
Maddox was an American politician who served as the 75th Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia from 1967 to 1971. -
Head Start
Is a program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive early childhood education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families. -
24th Amendment
The Twenty-fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax -
Voting rights act
The Voting Rights Act, signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on August 6, 1965, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment (1870) to the Constitution of the United States. -
Upward bound
The program provides opportunities for participants to succeed in their precollege performance and ultimately in their higher education pursuits. -
26th Amendment
. The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age. -
Title IX
"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance."
