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Calling of the Estates General
Louis XVI calls in the estates general to discuss a new tax plan in Versailles. -
Voting Issues and the Tennis Court Oath
Issues quickly arose when it was noted that the first and second estate could out-vote the third estate instantely. The third esate found this to unfair and wanted changes. The king however, liked the ay things were; the first and second esstate was filled with clergy and nobles, who would favor the kings ideas. Days later, the third estate find themselves locked out of the meeting room, so they all move into an indoor tennis court, where they took an oath to force a new French Constitution. -
The Storming of the Bastille
The people of Paris began to feel afraid as riots began happening and the scatter of royal troops. Then, at the Bastille, a crowd stormed in, searching for weapons. Troops began to fire into the crowd, killing around 98 people. This was the first sign of violence. The significance of the storming was that the crowd didn't find any weapons. The crowed also killed many innocent poeple. Political future was not to be decided by the National Constituent Assembly anymore. -
The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
The National Assembly recognizes how unstable, forgetful rights of man are, and believed it being the main reason for public miseries and corruption in the government. They propose the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen, which include of rights and freedom of all men being born free and equal with natural rights to liberty, property, and personal safety. The declaration set a chance for popular sovereignty and equal opportunity. -
The Women's March on Versailles
The Parisian women became angry when a bread shortage occured. The women took action and marched to Versailles, demanding for bread. As a result, the King and Queen agreed to sanction the decres of the assembly. Following, the King and Queen join the women back to Paris and settles them in the palace of Tuileries. The assembly joins them. -
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
The National Assembly decided to pay royal debt by confiscating and selling Roman Catholic church property and land holdings. On July, the assembly issued Civil Constitution of the Clergy, which transformed the Roman Catholic Church in France into a branch of state. The Assembly basically said to the clergy that they either take the oath to support the French governement or they're out. Pope Pius XVI disapprove and caused him to condemn the revolution. -
The King tries to escape
King Louis XVI and his family felt unsafe in France, and hoped to flee to start a counter-revolution and enter Austria. His wife, Marie Antionette's brother, Leopold II was the emperor of Austria and they hoped to be safe there. They ended up getting caught because of their failed attemp, they get returned to Paris. Once returned, the royal family had no other choice but to accept any demands brought upon them and to stay prisoners in their own home. The attempt to flee was seen as treason. -
France Declares War on Austria and Prussia
Legislative Assembly led by the JAcobins voted to declre war on Austria, because they feared that Austria would try to re-instate Louis XVI in power, and France had to defend what they created. Soon, Austria was joined by Prussia. The effects France had were food shortages, France was being teared apart. -
Attack on Tuileries
While King Louis and Queen Marie Antionette were under house arrest in the Tuileries Palace, a large crowd invades the Tuileries. the royal family tries to escape by a secreat passage way, but is soon forced to take refudge under the Legislative assembly, which arrest them. Louis XVI's political functions get suspended. -
Creation of the National Convention
The National Convention was a new legislative body, it was may more radical than any other bodies prior to them. They decied to stay away from a monarchy and move towards a republic. An accomplishment made by them was that they granted the right of all men being able to vote, regardless of their ability to pay taxtes or not. The National Convention was to provide a new constitution for the country. -
The Execution of Louis
When Louis as charged for treason, conspiring against the state, he was found guilty by a slight unanimous vote, while some didn't vote at all. He gets beheaded by the Guillotine. Celebration arose throughout Paris and France. His death was seen as a joyful moment. and many belived that it was now possible to move forward with the revolution. -
Creation of the Committee of Public Safety
During the violent repressions, known as the Terror, revolutionist suspend constitution, many would get excuted for breaking the laws. To consolidate power, a 12 men council called Public Safety Committee, who opposed ruthless punishments.They were there to provide for the defense of the nation against its enemies. -
Republic of Virtue
At the height of his power, Maximilien Robespierre had the idea to mold a new society, Republic of Virtue. He used terror to get the people's attention. Republic of Virtue was related to the idea of de-christianization. He gives a speech on his new idea. -
Thermidorian Reaction
The reign of terror ended, which mostly killed peasents ands san-cullottes. The Thermidorian Reaction, the tempering of the revolution, ended the most radical phase of the French Revolution. This was with the establishment of a new constitution, a new regime. Many people associated with thr terror were removed from public life, and Jacobin club was shut down. -
Robespierre is Executed
Robespierre heads over to where the convention is. He delievers a speech of threats, which was his last speech. Robespierre gets arrested for being an outlaw, and gets taken to the city hall. Over there, he fails his suicide attempt and spends last living hours on the table of the Committee of Public Safety. He gets insulted by his former colleagues, but is unable to respond. Once he is beheaded, the terror dies, but the revolution does not. -
Napoleon Defends the National Convention
While Royalists and Counter-Revolutionaries formed a violent protest against the National Convention, Napoleon came to defence in the Tuileries Palace, He used heavy artillery to defeat the enemy. This resulted in unexpected fame and wealth. -
The Consulate is established
After overthrowing the Directory, Napoleon Bonaparte issues the Constitution of the Year VII and gave himself the tile First Consul. The constitution was approved. The revolution was brought to an end when a government named the consulate came about. -
Concordat With the Pope
WIth the attacks on religion, French catholics were furious. Napoleon helped them become less angry. Later, he finalized a concordant, or a treaty, with Pope Pius VII. Followed by that, all clergy were forced to resign. and their positions were filled with spiritual investiture from the pope, but it was state that gave off their salary. -
Napoleonic Code
The Civil Code, or the Napoleonic code transformed basic laws to a mix of Enlightenment ideas with the old Regime, since he was appointed as consul for life. This stopped far short of the full equality advised by liberal rationalists. -
Napoleon is Crowned Emperor
A direct vote confirmed a new constitution; appointing Napoleon as Emperor. Napoleon calls for the pope to participate in his cermony as he gets crowned, yet Napoleon crowns himself. His action had a significant meaning, he did not want others to think that the acceptance of his power would depend on the church (pope). -
The Continental System is Established
Napoleon had hope that Prussia and Russia would become his allies, but he was not sure yet. A stratergy, know as the Continental System, was used by Napoleon. To be more sure of his allies, he tries to cut off trade between British and Europe, in hopes of British falling apart. As an effect, the European economies got hurt, and Napoleon's strategy is uncessful. -
The Invasion of Spain
A revolt broke out in Madrid, and Napoleon removed the Spanish Bourbons. Instead, he filled their position with his brother, Joseph, and placed him right on the throne. These kind of privileges caused public madness. Later, Napoleon's spanish rivals initiate a guerrilla war, which is a form of irregular warfare. The British supported the Spanish. This was the start of Napoleon's defeat. -
The Invasion of Russia
To begin with, the Franco-Russian alliance was not as strong as it used to be. Also, Napoleons Continental Syste, hurt the russian economy. Also, Napoleon's Polish State made the tsar angry. Lastly, Napoleon was married to a Austrian princess, which ticked the tsar even more. Napoleans response to the threat was to put together a strong army and invade Russia. Though, Russia acted quicker than Napolean. Poor factors like bad weather and food shortage caused Napoleon's amy to be emotionally down -
Battle of Leipzig
The last yet most powerful coalition against Napoleon was brought by Patriotic pressure and national ambition. Russsians, Prussians, and Austrians were all joined together. Wellingotn directed is army into France, and defeat Napoleon. Then, they went into Paris, causing Napoleon to exile into the island of Elba, where he later dies.
