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This war began when King Charles XII of Sweden defeated the Russians. Believing he eleiminated Russia's military factor, Charles tried to force King Augustus II to make peace, but was not successful. After this war, Sweden lost all possesssions in central Europe and Peter the Great becoming a major power, ruling Russia.
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A small organized group of nobles and army officers attempted to overthrow Nicolas I's goverment in order to try and form a constitutional monarcy. The Czar quickly put the uprising under control and executed five of the leaders, while hunders more were exiled to Siberia. In effect of this, Nicholas I imposed strict censorship, banned books that may contain liberal ideas, and targeted schools and universities as centers of unrest. He also created a secret police force.
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Alexander II starts to realize it would be smarter to free the serfs now rather than wait for a rising from below. In 1858, different comittes gathered in Russia's provinces and agreeed to the abolition of serfdom. Although the former serfs weren't put as low in society, they still believed they should have earned more. Some former sefts rioted, but many others accepted the situation. Alexander II was afterwards nicknmaed the Czar-Liberator.
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Alexander II aimed toward the reduction of class privilege as well as humanitarian progress and economic development. The most importan one of his reforms as the emacipation of serfs in 1861. A period of repression after this led to terrorism and his assassination by a group identified as People's Will with use of a bomb. This assassination caused a great setback for the reform movement he was working on.
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Georgy Gapon laed a group of people planning to march toward the square before the Winter Place. At this time Nicholas was not in the city, but his uncle, Crand Duke Vladimir, tried to stop the march. More than 100 marchers were killed and many wounded. This massacre took place in St. Petersburg, Russia, and marked the beginning of a phase of violent massacres and the beginning of the Revolution of 1905.
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Russia declined the Japanese plan to divide Manchuria and Korea so the Japanese attacked a Russian naval base in China, Port Authur. It was the start of the Russo-Japanses War. Russia underestimated the Japanese military and in August 1905 after three major defeats Russia signed a Peace Treaty. This made Russia's miliary look weak, because it was a major conbribution to the Revolutionary War.
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This was an uprising used to convince Nicholas II to attempt the transformation of the Russian government from an autocracy into a constitutional monarchy. He responded by announcing his intention to create an elected group assembly to advise the government. This proposition did not satisfy anyone. This uprising did not turn out the way the rebellions wanted it to, but it did force them to make regulations in order to change and create the Fundamental Laws.
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This was a successful revolution that occurred during World War I. This is when the rule of royalty in Russia came to an end. This led to abdication of Nicholas along with the installation of a provisional government or a committee. The leader was Aleksandr Kerensky, who was removed from power later.
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There had been many riots due to the amounts of food shortages, and the soldiers began to side with the people during the war. The Duma demanded Nicholas II to step down, and he finally did. He ended over a 300 year rule by the Romanov Dynasty. Him and his family were exiled to Siberia and executed. This caused a group of radical socialists called the Bolsheviks to be head of power.
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Russia joined World War I on the Allied side under the rule of Nicholas II. The troops didn't have enought food, guns, or other equipment. Russia had suffered greatly and was in crumbles. It took many long and devastating years to fix.
