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Napoleonic Wars
(1799-1815) Napoleon, leader of France gains power and conquers much of Europe. -
Period: to
Europe.
Europe. -
Congress of Vienna meets to restore stability in Europe
The four powers that defeated Napoleon gather to seek balance of power. -
Italy unifies
This political and social movement combined the different states in the Italian peninsula. -
Napoleon Defeated at Waterloo
The end of the Napoleonic Wars. The great leader was defeated due to not being prepared when troops suffer in The Netherlands -
Liverpool-Manchester Railroad opens
The railway opens between the Lancashire towns of Liverpool and Manchester. 35 miles long. -
Greek Independence
The Greek war of Independence was a successful revolt against the Ottoman Empire. Greece had help from other nations such as Russia. -
Queen Victoria begins her reign in Britain
Her time was known as the Victorian era and was the longest known reign in history. -
Potato Famine in Ireland begins
The potato crops failed over successive years in Ireland. The famine lasted six years and killed over 1 million people in Ireland and caused another million to flee. -
Revolutions of 1848
Countries of Europe such as France and Italy have many failed revolts against monarchies. -
Britain begins rule of India
This was the start of what is called the British Raj. It was when the crown of Britain (Queen Victoria at the time) owned the East India Company from 1848-1947 -
Polish Revolution
The Greater Poland Uprising was a revolt against Prussian power. It was unsuccessful. -
French Revolution
This nation's revolutions led to the making of the French Second Republic. Near the end of these events, Louis Napoleon was elected. -
German Revolution
In 1848, a time of many European revolutions, people expressed discontent through protests and rebellions. The working class wanted improvements to working and living conditions. -
Crimean War
In this military conflict, the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of France, Britain, and others. -
Bessemer Process invented
Henry Bessemer develops the first process for manufacturing steel inexpensively. -
Charles Darwin publishes the Origin of Species
This book was a piece of literature that introduced evolutionary biology. -
Czar Alexander ll frees the surfs
This leader abolished serfdom, a system that had been ever present in Russia since 1649. This reform was necessary for progress. -
Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary
(1867-1918) The constitutional union of the Kingdom of Hungary and the Austrian Empire was a result of a compromise in 1867. -
Britain grants Canada self-rule
The British North America Act of 1867 united three British colonies into one by the name of Canada. -
Dynamite invented
Alfred Nobel creates a strong explosive and obtains patents. -
French-built Suez Canal opens in Egypt
This canal after ten years of construction. It was open to navigation and stretched 100 miles across the isthmus of Suez. -
Franco-Prussian War
A conflict between the Second French Empire of Napoleon the Third and the Kingdom of Prussia. -
Germany unifies
Germany had been made up of 300 separate states, but now it was one nation. -
Marx and Engels publish The Communist Manifesto
This political pamphlet is considered one of the world's most influential political manuscripts. It talks about an approach to the class struggle and the problems of capitalism. -
Czar Alexander ll assassinated
This ruler of Russia was killed by a bomb thrown by revolutionaries on the streets of St. Petersburg. -
European nations carve up Africa at the Berlin Conference
This conference regulated trade and colonization in Africa. It happened at the same time of Germany's emergence as an imperial power. -
Dreyfus convicted of Treason
This french officer was sentenced to life in prison after his alleged crime of passing military secrets to the Germans.