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Skulls found in France shows signs of rudimentary surgery called trepanation, which involves drilling a hole in the skull. -
Trepanation is known among the Bronze Age Harappan people of the Indus Valley Civilization. -
Trepanation is evident in Jericho in Palestine -
Surgeons were immobilizing fractures, excising, tumors and suturing wounds with linen thread. -
Medicine men in Peru trephination, cutting holes in the skulls of brave or foolhardy patients. -
The code of Hammurabi, one of the earliest Babylonian codes of laws, details regulation governing surgeons, medical malpractice, and victim's compensation. -
-Believed in the need to treat the whole body by curing the spirit and nourishing the body
-Recorded a pharmacopoeia of medications based mainly on the use of herbs
-Used therapies such as acupuncture
-Began to search for medical reasons for illness
-Average life span was 20-30 years -
The Ebers Papyrus, an ancient Egyptian medical treaty, includes information on how to surgically treat crocodile bites and serious burns -
The Ebers Papyrus, an ancient Egyptian medical treaty, includes information on how to surgically treat crocodile bites and serious burns. -
-First to observe the human body and the effects f disease-led to modern medical sciences
-Believed illness is a result of natural causes
-Used therapies such as massage, art therapy, and herbal treatment
-Average life span 25-35 years -
Sushruta, regarded as the "founding father of surgery, " was an innovator of plastic surgery, including rhinoplasty. -
The Indian physician Susruta pioneers plastic surgery of the nose. -
Hippocrates, on the Greek island of Kos, founds an influential school of medicine -
These physicians diminished the field of surgery, which consisted mainly of amputations and bloodletting. Bloodletting was rooted in the Ancient Times when Hippocrates. -
Chinese physician Hua Tuo begins using wine and cannabis as an anesthetic during surgery. -
The world's oldest prosthetic devices are toes for amputees, made in ancient Egypt of wood and leather. -
The first illustrated manual of surgery is written by Abul Kasim, an Arab physician in Cordoba. -
Austrian surgeon Hermann Schloffer performs the first splenectomy operation. -
A deadly new form of pneumonia, SARS (Serve Acute Respiratory Syndrome) is first reported in Hanoi and soon spreads globally. -
French surgeon Bernard Devauchelle and his team in Amiens carry out the first human face transplant. -
The World Health Organization declares that "swine flu" has reached the status of a pandemic. -
Team at Johns Hopkins Hospital completes the first ever HIV-to-HIV liver and kidney transplants from deceased donors. -
During the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic times, knives, saws, and drills made of stones such as flint are used for surgery, amputation, and trepanation.