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In Germany, around 1440, goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg invented the movable-type printing press, which started the Printing Revolution. Modelled on the design of existing screw presses, a single Renaissance movable-type printing press could produce up to 3,600 pages per workday, compared to forty by hand-printing and a few by hand-copying. Gutenberg's newly devised hand mould made possible the precise and rapid creation of metal movable type in large quantities. -
He was a Florentine polymath of the Italian Renaissance. He was at once a painter, anatomist, architect, paleontologist, botanist, writer, sculptor, philosopher, engineer, inventor, musician, poet, and urban planner. He passed away accompanied by Francesco Melzi, to whom he bequeathed his projects, designs and paintings.
Photo of Leonardo Da Vinci;
https://t0.gstatic.com/licensed-image?q=tbn:ANd9GcT3aSb4ttWw4r6FAX9SCkYE4H3KNPV58ajFu9gdo-5tNczb7cnJ2gRs_J2Da3Kc9-yC -
On the 29 of may of 1453 the conquest of Constantinople by Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire. Mehmed surrounded Constantinople from land and sea while employing cannon to maintain a constant barrage of the city’s formidable walls. -
They were the first King and Queen of a unified Spain. The Catholic Monarchs reigned in the Golden Age of Spanish history and marked the beginning of the modern history of Spain.
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He was a sculptor, painter, architect and poet, Michelangelo spent his life between Florence and Rome. He was closely linked to the Medici family, who were his most important patrons, even receiving the commission to sculpt four tombs for them.
a famous sculpture of michael -
By birth, she was Infanta of Castile and Aragon. From a young age, he showed signs of religious indifference that his mother tried to keep secret. Due to the death of her siblings Juan and Isabel and her nephew Miguel de la Paz, she became heiress to the crowns of Castile and Aragon, as well as Lady of Vizcaya, a title that was already attached to the crown of Castile and which Juana inherited from her mother Isabel I of Castile. The community uprising of 1520 took her out of her jail.
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On the 12 of october of 1492 the explorer Christopher Columbus made four trips across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain: in 1492, 1493, 1498 and 1502. He was determined to find a direct water route west from Europe to Asia, but he never did. Instead, he stumbled upon the Americas.
Discovery of America -
He was a French theologian and philosopher, considered one of the authors and managers of the Protestant Reformation. The fundamental doctrines of later Reformers would identify with him, calling these doctrines
John Calvin -
He was a monarch who ruled the Spanish Empire and the Roman Holy Empire.
Carlos V reing -
Luther affirmed that the repentance established by Christ, by which sins would be forgiven, that is, with the priest. He indicated that indulgences discouraged Christians from giving to the poor and performing other acts of mercy. The theses were formulated to be discussed in academic debate. He sent his thesis annexed to a letter to the Elector Archbishop of Mainz, Albert of Brandenburg, on October 31 of 1517 -
were signed in Spain and Monaco. On the 7 of June of 1494, and authenticated in Setúbal, Portugal, divided the new discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire, along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa. -
The Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy which defined the right of Henry VIII to be supreme head on earth of the Church of England, thereby severing ecclesiastical links with Rome. -
It was an ecumenical council of the Catholic Church developed in discontinuous periods for twenty-five sessions between the years 1545 and 1563. It took place in Trento, a city in the north of present-day Italy, which was then a free imperial city governed by a prince-bishop
Council of Trent -
He was the son and heir of Carlos I of Spain and Isabel of Portugal, brother of María de Austria and Juana de Austria, paternal grandson of Juana I of Castilla and Felipe I of Castilla, and of Manuel I of Portugal and María de Aragón by maternal route; He died on September 13, 1598 at the age of seventy-one, in the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, for which he was brought from Madrid in a chair-lounger made for the occasion, given the insistence of the monarch to pass his last days there
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He was the son of Philip II and Anne of Austria. On April 18, 1599, he married Archduchess Margarita of Austria-Styria, daughter of Archduke Carlos II of Styria and María Ana de Baviera, and therefore granddaughter of Felipe's paternal great-uncle, in the Cathedral of Santa María in Valencia. Emperor Ferdinand I. Felipe III died in Madrid on March 31, 1621, due to fever and erysipelas.
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He was a Spanish Baroque painter considered one of the greatest exponents of Spanish painting and a master of universal painting.
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During the first stage of his reign, he shared responsibility for State affairs with Don Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares, who deployed an ambitious warmongering policy abroad and reformist at home that sought to maintain Spanish hegemony in Europe. After the fall of Olivares, he personally took charge of government affairs, aided by very influential courtiers, such as Luis Méndez de Haro, Olivares' nephew, and the Duke of Medina de las Torres.
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Son and heir of Philip IV and Mariana of Austria, he remained under his mother's regency until he came of age in 1675.
Carlos II reing -
The war was primarily a struggle to determine whether the vast possessions of the Spanish Empire should pass to the House of Bourbon or to the House of Habsburg, both of them had a dynastic claims, they should be partitioned to preserve the balance of power in Europe.
The war ended by Philip of Anjou winning. Britain and its allies finally accepted him to become the next king of Spain
Spanish Succession War -
The French Revolution was an event in world history that began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s with the ascent of Napoleon Bonaparte. During this period, French citizens radically altered their political landscape, uprooting centuries-old institutions such as the monarchy and the feudal system.
French Revolution