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Alan Turing's paper, "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" lead to the creation of the Turing Test which is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior similar to that of a human.
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Zuse leased the first commercial computer to ETHZ. Several months later the UNIVAC is sold for the first time.
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The first arithmetic language, called A-0, was invented by Grace Hopper. This, of course, eventually led to the computer languages used today.
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The first tape drive was invented by Remington Rand. It was able to hold 224 KB of data.
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The TAC was completed at the University of Tokyo following Yamashito's attendance at a UNESCO meeting in Paris which piqued their interest in computing