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Charles Babbage
Charles Babbage, FRS (26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) .He was a mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer. He is best remembered now for originating the concept of a programmable computer. He also invented the first mechanical computer and he also invented the abacus because people wanted something that could calculate things without having errors. Considered a "father of the computer", -
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Early History of Computers
Started in the early 20th century.
Charles Babbage was the person who started the thought
of computers.
He was a mathematician, philosopher,
inventor and mechanical engineer, who
is best remembered now for originating
the concept of a programmable
computer.
Known as “father of the computer”.
Invented the first mechanical computer.
People wanted something that could
calculate things without having errors.
The Calculator Used At That Time called The Abacus. -
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First Generation Computer
1941-1956
Vacuum tubes/Punch cards + Magnetic drums for data storage.
input = based on punched cards and paper tape
output = was displayed on printouts
UNIVAC and ENIAC computers
Advantages
These computers were the fastest calculating devices of their time.
They could perform computations in milliseconds.
Disadvantages
Too bulky in size
Unreliable
Thousands of vacuum tubes that were used emitted large amount of heat and burnt out frequently.
Air conditioning required
Not portable -
ENIAC was announced to the public
ENIAC is known as(Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator) and it was invented in the First Generation of Computers. Dr. Presper Eckert and Dr. John Mauchly's team invented the Eniac. -
UNIVAC
UNIVAC is the name of a line of electronic digital stored-program computers starting with the products of the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation. It was invented in the First Generation of Computers. The success of the UNIVAC continues today with products of the Unisys company. UNIVAC is known for UNIVersal Automatic Computer. It was achieved by Dr. Presper Eckert and Dr. John Mauchly. In April 1946, $300,000 deposit was given to Eckert and Mauchly for the research of the Univac Computer. -
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Second Generation Computers
1956 - 1963
Transistors
replaced vacuum tubes
input = Second-generation computers still relied on punched cards.
output = Second-generation computers still relied on printouts.
Allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-generation predecessors.
COBOL and FORTRAN computers
Advantages
The size of the computer was very small as compared to 1st generation of computer.
Transistors were used as internal components. -
COBOL Computers
COBOL is one of the oldest programming languages, it was decined by Grace Hopper. Its name is known for COmmon Business-Oriented Language. -
Fortran Computers
Fortran was originally developed by IBM at their campus in south San Jose, California. In the 1950s for scientific and engineering applications, Fortran came to dominate this area of programming. For the first time it made codes and it helped calculate things especially for Algebra. -
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Third Generation Computers
Integrated Circuits
Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.
input = through keyboards and monitors
output = interfaced with an operating system
allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program.
Computers for the first time became accessible because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.
3GL Computers -
3GL Computers
A third generation (programming) language is known as (3GL). Is a grouping of programming languages that introduced to second generation languages. It is invented to make the programming language more programmer-friendly. -
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Fourth Generation Computers
Microprocessors
Thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.
The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer.
memory to input
output controls on a single chip
Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.
4GL computers
Thid is used now. -
4GL Computers
The term fourth-generation programming language is known as ( 4GL) they are packages of systems that development software including very high level programming languages. It was ivented in mid (1970s-1990) and its till now. It is known as a very high level programming language. It was designed with a central data dictionary system.
