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Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for a crime.
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Rights of citizenship, due process of law, and equal protection of the law. The amendment has become one of the most used amendments in court to date regarding the equal protection clause.
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Granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "rights of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the U.S. or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude".
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Founded by Booker T. Washington. First institution of higher learning for African Americans. Provided students with academic and vocational training.
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Case that was brought to the U.S. supreme court by black lawsuits to challenge the legality of segregation. The court ruled that segregation was legal as long as it was “equal”.
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The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. The NAACP was established partially as a response to the 1908 Springfield race riot. Their main focus was their campaign of anti-lynching.
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The right of citizens to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. A response to the women’s suffrage movement.
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Their proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would guarantee equal rights under the low for Americans regardless of their sex.
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An executive order that was issued on July 26, 1948 by President Truman. The order abolished racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services.
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Supreme court overruled the the court’s decision of Plessy v. Ferguson. They declared that racial segregation by state law in the public schools violates the equal protections of the laws guaranteed by the Constitution’s 14th Amendment.
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Rosa Parks was arrested for refusal of her seat on the bus. This caused the Montgomery Blacks to unite in a year long bus boycott. This later caused the Montgomery government to end segregation.
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Co-Founded by MLK Jr. This was a group that used the authority and power of Black churches to organize non-violent protests.
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Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas was the first high school in the South to integrate. President Eisenhower sent Federal troops because Orval Faubus was violating the Presidents order, to accompany nine black students attending an all white high school.
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The first civil rights legislation that established the Civil Right Commission (CRC) to protect individual’s rights to equal protection and permitted courts to grant injunctions in support of the CRC.
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A civil rights group formed to give younger blacks more of a voice in the civil rights movements. Their main goal was the full extension of civil rights to all Americans, including African Americans.
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Occurred mainly throughout the Southwest. Artists began using the walls of city buildings, housing projects, schools, and churches to depict Mexican-American culture.
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Created the National Farm Workers Association with Dolores Huerta. He launched a nationwide boycott of company’s grapes when they refused to recognize the union.
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Occurred at the Woolworth’s lunch counter. Blacks were not allowed to sit at the counter because of the Jim Crow laws. The sit-in movement spread to where six months later, Woolworth’s changed their store policy.
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CORE and SNCC organized freedom rides to test the southern compliance with the end of segregation of buses. The riders were met with an armed white mob Alabama. Attorney General Robert Kennedy aided the riders in their cause.
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Dr. King uses the letter as a way to reinforce his method of nonviolence actions and civil disobedience.
