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13th amendment
The 13th amendment is what abolished slavery. The amendment says, "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." -
Poll taxes
A poll tax was a payment that had to be paid in order to vote. This also connects to the 14th and 24th amendment because it has to do with voting and the freedom. This did somewhat limit some people from being able to vote, but there is a later amendment that takes care of that. -
Jim Crow
The Jim Crow laws gave the right to segregation. “The Supreme Court ruling in 1896 in Plessy v. Ferguson that separate facilities for whites and blacks were constitutional encouraged the passage of discriminatory laws that wiped out the gains made by blacks during Reconstruction. Railways and streetcars, public waiting rooms, restaurants, boardinghouses, theaters, and public parks were segregated; separate schools, hospitals, and other public institutions, generally of inferior quality, were des -
14th amendment
There are 4 key clauses of the 14th amendment. The first is, “State and federal citizenship for all persons regardless of race both born or naturalized in the United States was reaffirmed.” Second, “No state would be allowed to abridge the "privileges and immunities" of citizens.” Thirdly, “No person was allowed to be deprived of life, liberty, or property without "due process of law." Lastly, “No person could be denied "equal protection of the laws." This amendment is a big part of the civil ri -
15th amendment
- The 15th amendment was a really big security help to African Americans that had just came out of slavery. This gave the right to ban suffrage laws and gave African Americans the right to vote. In America no matter your race, color, or previous condition of servitude, you would not be denied the right to vote.
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Literacy test
This test was given to test literacy for people right to vote. This was to make it harder for African Americans to be able to vote because so many of them were illiterate -
Plessy v. Ferguson
“Plessy (P) attempted to sit in an all-white railroad car. After refusing to sit in the black railway carriage car, Plessy was arrested for violating an 1890 Louisiana statute that provided for segregated “separate but equal” railroad accommodations. Those using facilities not designated for their race were criminally liable under the statute.” -
19th amendment
The 19th amendment gives all women the right to vote. This took women a lengthy battle and dealing with years of women’s suffrage, but they had finally won the battle. This was a huge step for women because they have now earned the right to vote. -
Korematsu v. United States
- “During World War II, Presidential Executive Order 9066 and congressional statutes gave the military authority to exclude citizens of Japanese ancestry from areas deemed critical to national defense and potentially vulnerable to espionage.”
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Sweatt v. Painter
Sweatt applied to Texas Law School, but state law restricted him from being able to apply because of his race. His application was thrown away automatically and then he had to ask the court to order his admission. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Black children were denied admission to public schools attended by white children by law regarding segregation. Other similar cases were brought into this one and turned into one bigger case since this was such a big issue at the time -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
This started after Rosa Parks refused to give up seats on the seat to a white man on December 1, 1955. The actual boycott started on the day of Parks court hearing and lasted 381 days. The Montgomery was ordered to integrate the bus system by Supreme Court. -
Affirmative Action
- An organization works to improve the opportunities for historically groups in the American society. These policies focus on employment and education.
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24th amendment
The 24th amendment made it so anyone could vote even if they were not able to pay their poll taxes or any other taxes, no matter the reason. -
Civil Rights act of 1964
This act ended segregation in public places and did away with employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
Voting rights act 1965
This was to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans the right to vote given to them in the 15th amendment. The Act really worked and helped out the civil rights movement greatly -
Robert Kennedy Speech
Kennedy campaigning for his democratic position at Ball State and University of Notre Dame. While he was in Indianapolis he got news that Martin Luther King Junior had been shot and died. Despite the fears of riots Kennedy still went to a rally on 17th and Broadway, which is a really dangerous are, and he talked to the crowd about the assignation instead of his campaign. -
Reed v. Reed
This case was dealing with equal rights for gender. There was a deceased boys’ mother who thought a statue was degrading to men. The court case stemmed from there. -
Equal Rights Amendment
After the 19th amendments, the act came about when women thought of “equal rights under law,” this era was introduced to congress and was brought into the nation. -
Regents of the University of California v. Blakke
A 35 year old white male applied for the University of California medical school, he was rejected both times that he applied. They reserved 16places in each entering class of 100 for qualified minorities; however he exceeded any other minority that had applied. He was rejected for no reason. A 35 year old white male applied for the University of California medical school, he was rejected both times that he applied. They reserved 16places in each entering class of 100 for qualified minorities; -
Bowers v. Hardwick
- A male homosexual was charged for having anal sex with another male in the bedroom of his home. There is no constitutional right to do this so it was brought to the court
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Lawrence v. Texas
- Two men were caught engaging in sexual activity and were arrested, a Texas statute prohibited this between men.
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Fisher v. Texas
“In 1997, the Texas legislature enacted a law requiring the University of Texas to admit all high school seniors who ranked in the top ten percent of their high school classes. After finding differences between the racial and ethnic makeup of the university's undergraduate population and the state's population, the University of Texas decided to modify its race-neutral admissions policy.” -
Indianas gay rights
Baskin v. Bogan: This court case was held on behalf of 3 same sex marriages. One of the plaintiffs had cancer and wanted to be able to get married -
Americans with Disabilities Act
This act prohibits the discrimination against Americans with disabilities when dealing with employment, transportation, public accommodation, communications, and governmental activities.
