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13th Amendment
The 13th amendment to the u.s. constitution officially abolished slavery in america, and was ratified on december 6,1865,after the conclusion of the american civil war. -
Black Codes
Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. -
14th Amendment
14th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to African Americans and slaves who had been emancipated after the American Civil War, including them under the umbrella phrase “all persons born or naturalized in the United States. -
15th Amendment
the 15th amendment,granted african-american men the right to vote, was formally adopted into the u.s. constitution. -
Jim Crow Laws
Legalized segregation between blacks and whites. The name is believed to be derived from a character in a popular minstrel song. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
This 1896 supreme court case upheld the constitutionality of segregation under the separate but equal doctrine.It stemmed form an 1892 incident in which African-American train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a jim crow car,breaking louisiana law. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. was a Baptist minister and social activist who played a key role in the American civil rights movement from the mid-1950s. Inspired by advocates of nonviolence such as Mahatma Gandhi, King sought equality for African Americans. He was the driving force behind watershed events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on Washington, which helped bring about such landmark legislation as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. -
Brown V. Board of Education
Landmark united states supreme court case in which the court declared state laws establishing separate public school for black and white students to be unconstitutional. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks,the Montgomery bus boycott was a 13-month mass protest that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional. -
Little Rock Nine
The Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall [1908-1993] was a U.S. supreme court justice,and civil rights advocate.the two important things he's done is first he was legal counsel for the national association for the advancement of colored people,second he crafted a distinctive jurisprudence marked by uncompromising liberalism. -
March on Washington
Approximately a quarter million people converged on the nation's capital to demand civil rights for African-Americans. The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was one of the largest political rallies in history and where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his "I Have a Dream" speech. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act, signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson (1908-73) on August 6, 1965, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment (1870) to the Constitution of the United States.