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Huang-ji Calendar
-Astronomer Liu Zhuo worte Huang-ji Calander.
-Almost as precise as that of modern times
Above picture is the oldest bridge in the wold which shows scientific technology of Sui dynasty. -
Sui Yangdi:
-Strengthening the unification of the country
-Grand Canal was completed during his reign
-he ordered to construct roard along both sides of the Grand Canal
-Eonomic and cultural exchange was promoted -
Grand Canal is an artificial waterway that connects north and south of china. This is one of the biggest economic event that had taken place in Su dynasty. The canal is 1,794 killometers long and it intergrates all parts of China. This canal increased agricultural productivity and water transportation
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reinstatement of the Land Equalization System:
Aimed to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor. Farmers got motivated for this reform; this increased the agricultural productivity.Above picture is a picture of emperor wen, who imposed this policy. -
Battle of Salsu:
The enormous battle between Korean Kingdom of Goguryeo and Sui dynasty. Sui emperor inveaded Goguryeo with 1,133800men, but Sui failed to conquer Korea and lost huge man power. This was caused Sui dynasty to fall very quickly. -
Tang TaizongHe is the most succesful emperor of Tang dynasty. During his reign, the golden age of Tang synasty came and also the golden age of Chinese history. He built capital at Chang'an, and he was a confucian ruler. he ended vandality and imposed low tax.
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Agricultural Development:
Irrigation system in tang brought huge success to agricultural development. It also bourhg rapid economic grwoth whoch gave the country enourmous power. -
Government administrative system:
-local and central administration
-At central government, six ministers and nine si and fove jian wokred together. -
land districts
-Every territory is seperated into ten political districts called 'Dao'.
-'Xian' (town)
-'Xiang' (five 'Li's)
-'Li' (a hundred families) -
-'Cun' (village)
-'Bao' (five families)
-'Lin' (four families)
At the end of Kaiyuan reign, there were 328 'Zhou's and 1,573 'Xian's.At the later period of Tang, it had 1573 xians and 328 zhous. -
Fast-Ripening Rice :
The rice from Vietnam helped the raipd grwoth of Tang's economy. This new rice increased rice production dramatically. -
silk Road:
After Hong Junji conquered the west side of China, Silk Road was connected until Tibetian captured the Tibet in 678. -
Urbinization::
The production of food supplies enabled the establishment of big cities that contains hundreds of restaurants, noodle shops, and lots of people. -
Patriarchal social structure:
increasing wealth and agricultural productivity, Tang and especially Song China experienced a tightening of patriarchal social structures, which perhaps reflected a concdern to preserve family fortunes through enhanced family solidarity.
Wealth brought by increasng agricultural production brought patriarchal social structure. People naver wanted to let their wealth leak out from the family. -
The imperial Examination system:
Government examined people inder equal criteria and selected people from the examination. This policy gave chance to everyone who is talented. -
printing
- New technology allowed people to print thousands of papers.
-Movable. can print in anywhere -
The earliest paper money:
-Earliest paper money
-it was the most popular currency
-created in Northern Song period -
Silk, Textile and Porcelain Industry:
-Silk, textile, and percelain industry developed rapidly
-Zhejiang and Sichuan were the two biggest silk producers.
-Cotton textile was created -
Metallurgy:
-Agricultural tool
-produced iron arrowheads
-nomadic people learned thid technique and threatened the Song dynasty -
Song dynasty was divided into two periods in which the capital was in DongJing and the period in which the capital was in hangZhou. After the assaults of the Jurchnes, the Song moved its capital to south. The Jurchned got into space and seized the land. They established Jin Empire.
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Neo-Confucianism:
At first confucianists disliked Buddihism, but after time passed, confucians began to adopt Buddhism idea. it put emphasis on submission to the king and maintaining the traditional lifestyle. Zhuxi emphasized this teaching very much. -
Establishment of Sui dynasty:
Sui dynasty was established by Yang Jian who is Emperor Wen. It was founded in Chang'an. Reunification brought peace and economic stablity. This would be the greatest social event that brought development of economy and politic -
Yang jian, he was father-in-law of last emperor of Nothern Zhou dynasty. He took over the throne and established the Sui dynasty.
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Three Departments & Six Ministries
-Political system of Sui dynasty
-later developed in Tang dynasty
-The three departments: Zhongshu Sheng, Menxia Sheng and Shangshu Sheng;
-Divided imperial government into 3 parts
-the separation of the executive, legislative and judicial powers.
-Shangshu administered all six ministries., and each ministry had governed four department which is Si. -
Due to heavy public work and high tax, people suffered. Also, Yangdi's extravegent lifestyle got criticism from people. Sui dynasty got weakened after losing the War with Goguryeo. Rebellion by Li Yuan put the end to Sui dynasty. Above picture is a picture of Sui dynasty's general, Li Yuan who put to an end to Sui dynasty.
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The Imperial Examination System (social):
Every state selected three most talented people to the central government. After examination, they became government officials. Above picture is a sculpture of a person studying for the imperial examination. -
-Checked the population
-Carried out land equalization system
-adjusted taxes
-adjusted public laboir -
Wuzhu is the standardized coin that was mae out of bronze and iron.
this coin helped the increase of the economy. -
Handicraft Industry:
Agricultural deveopment gave lots of surplus production. This allowed suprplus labor to go into hadcraft industry. During Tang dynasty crafts made out of textile, pottery, metallurgy, are created. -
Song Taizu
-Established Song Dynasty
-he made military generals to retire
-He regarded state officials as servant of government
-Expanded bureaucracy based on merit
-Generous salaries to government officials -
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Cosmopolitan Society:
-Trade and urban cities changed made song stable and powerful
-Trades were Highyly productive
-Traded spices from southeast Aisa
-It became a trade center of the world
-Public security was ensured -
Confucian Education:
-provided opportunity to study and have examination
-Expanded bureaucracy based on merit
-Rewarded officials very nicely
-Even placed bureaucrats in military
Above picture is the ranking list of examination in the Southern Song. -
Sui dynasty was short lived Chinese dynasty that unified China after a century of north-south division. It had very disciplined politically. It forced people to build huge constructions. Howeverm Sui Dynasty fell because of civil uprise. due to high tax and high requirement for civil project.
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Tang dynasty was the imperial dynasty of China that came after the sui dynasty. It was the golden age of Chinese history.Tang was founded by Li family in capital city of Chang'an.
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Son dynasty:
It was another golden age of the Chinese history. It had properous economy and culture. it was divided into two periods, Northern Song and Southern Song. Northern Song was powerful, but southern Song was attacked by the Jujins. Song was established in Kaifeng.
