A.P World History Timeline Project

Kingdom of Ghana

300

This map shows the area in which Ghana controlled and ruled over.

Kingdom of Ghana

Period: 300 to Jan 1, 1200

Significance/Impact:
*Principle state of west Africa when Muslims arrived
*Became key trading site - traded in gold, ivory, and slaves (got cloth/horses)
*Islam spread to Ghana through trade routes
Synopsis:
*Integration into tans-Sarahan trade brought wealth/power to Ghana
*Koumbi-Saleh: capital of Ghana; commercial center of kingdom
*Islamic state - conversion of kings caused improved relations with Muslim merchants
*Ghana kings did not force Islam on people
*Empire fell to Mali empire

Muhammad

570

This is a depiction​ of Muhammad the prophet carrying the Quran; the Muslim holy book.

Muhammad

Period: 570 to Jan 1, 632

Impact/Significance:
*Founder of Islam
*Created five pillars of Islam
*Lead the way in the Hija: migration to Mecca
*Convinced he was last prophet ("Seal of the Prophets") of Allah
Synopsis:
*Born into a family of merchants - became an orphan at six
*Worked for Khadija who became his wife
*Had transformation when he claimed he met Gabriel the angel and was told he was the last prophet to spread Allah's Word
*Quran: All of Muhammad's revelations
*Hadith: Muhammad's sayings and accounts

Sui Dynasty

589

This is a map displaying the land controlled by the Sui Dynasty.

Sui Dynasty

Period: 589 to Jan 1, 618

Impact/Significance:
*Established by Yang Jian (reestablished centralized, imperial rule)
*Was responsible for Grand Canal (linked North and South China together for trade)
*Short-lived dynasty but long-lasting impact
Synopsis:
*Dynasty​ rose after Han
*Sui Yangdi (second emperor of Sui Dynasty) finished Grand Canal
*Decline: Yang Jian demanded much of commoners (work projects​ -Grand Canal); caused rebellions and assassination​ of emperor caused empire to fall
(See Tang slide for inventions)

Silla Dynasty

Period: 589 to Jan 1, 618

Impact/Significance:
*Founded by King Park Hyeokgeose
*Founded bone rank system (determined social/gov. ranking)
*Prevented Chinese domination in peninsula
*Chinese influence: establishment of embassies, bureaucracy, Confucianism, literature
*Differed: Monarchy in Korea bureaucracy in China​
Synopsis:
*Strongly Buddhist
*Silla and Tang agreement: if Tang forces moved out, Silla would recognize Tang emperor as lord
*Relationship between kingdoms opened door for trade
*Fell to Baekje/Goguryeo

Tang Dynasty

Jan 1, 618

This is a map displaying the area controlled by the Tang Dynasty.

Tang Dynasty

Period: Jan 1, 618 to Jan 1, 907

Impact/Significance:
*Used Confucian exam in government (Reinforced traditional values)
*Expanded military (took over Korea and Vietnam)
*Introduced porcelain, gunpowder, and printing​
Synopsis:
*Success of dynasty: maintained​ transportation/communications (used system of roads with horses/postal stations), equal field system, and bureaucracy type government
*Founded by Tang Taizong (ruthless but accomplished much)
*Decline: careless leadership, rebellions, nomadic invasions (Turksib Uighurs)

Umayyad Dynasty

Jan 1, 661

This is a map displaying the land controlled by the Umayyad dynasty.

Umayyad Dynasty

Period: Jan 1, 661 to Jan 1, 750

Impact/Significance:
*Founded by Shia sect
*Temporary centralized rule
*Most prominent in Meccan merchant clans
*"Jizya": special tax on those who did not convert to Islam

*Expanded from Spain to India
Synopsis:
*Favored Arabs (military aristocracy) - distributed conquered land to wealthy (went against Islamic principles and made commoners angry)
*Decline: Leaders devoted themselves to luxuries rather than leadership (empire became isolated) - rebellion in Persia brought empire to end

Silla Dynasty

Jan 1, 668

This is a map displaying the land controlled by the Silla Dynasty​.

Nara Period

Jan 1, 710

This is a picture of a piece​ of art created during the Heian Period in Japan.

Nara Period

Period: Jan 1, 710 to Jan 1, 794

Impact/Significance:
*Imposed centralized, imperial rule in Japan
*Established equal-field system like China
*Established a court modeling the Tang and established Chinese-style bureaucracy
Synopsis:
*Provided support for Confucians and Buddhists
*Drew much influence from China
*Continued to respect Japanse traditions: shinto - religions revolving around veneration of ancestors and host of nature spirits
*Emperor transferred​ his courts from Nara to Heian which started Heian period of Japan

Abbasid Dynasty

Jan 1, 750

This is a map displaying the conquests and territories​ that the Abbasid Dynasty controlled.

Abbasid Dynasty

Period: Jan 1, 750 to Jan 1, 1258

Impact/Significance:
*Time of cultural growth (math, literature, and philosophy)
*Increased admin: drew ideas from Persia
*Defeated Chinese at Talas River - allowed for Islam to go into Asia
Synopsis:
*Founded by Abu al-Abbass (lead rebellion in Persia)
*Differed from Umayyad dynasty - focused on admin vs. expanding (Crete to south France)
*No favor shown for government positions
*Created ulama and qadis
*Decline: governors became independent caliphs, rebellions, invasions from Turks/Mongols

Regin of Charlemagne

Jan 1, 768

This is a picture of an artist's perspective on what the great Charlemagne​ looked like.

Reign of Charlemagne

Period: Jan 1, 768 to Jan 1, 814

Impact/Significance:
*Ruled Frankish realm at highest point
*Temporarily reestablished centralized rule
*Established missi dominici: people employed by lord to travel and review accounts of local authorities
*Built Frankish Empire based on military expeditions
Synopsis:
*Christain
*Maintained authority by traveling through land - did not have resources for bureaucracy
*Excepted title of emperor late into rule (Holy Roman Emperor)
*Empire fell after leadership was placed into son's hands

Heian Period

Jan 1, 794

This is a picture of a painting created during the Heian Period of Japan.

Heian Period

Period: Jan 1, 794 to Jan 1, 1185

Impact/Significance:
*Cultural development occurred
*Men learned to write in Chinese language (only men got a formal education)
*Aristocratic women had impact on Japanese literature
*(The Take of Genji - composed by female Murasaki Shikibu)
*Established equal-field system in Japan
Synopsis:
*Rose during reign of Fuijwara family (centralized​ power)
*Decline: Failure of the equal-field system - land got in hands of a small group of wealthy elite

Kingdom of Angkor

Jan 1, 889

This image is of the magnificent and beautiful city that the kingdom of Angkor created, which contained much Hindu influence.

Kingdom of Angkor

Period: Jan 1, 889 to Jan 1, 1432

Impact and Significance:
*Capital of Khmer empire
*Was influenced strongly by India - seen in architecture
*Kings built Angkor capital - Angkor Thom (temple in the center reflecting Hindu world order)
*Built more elaborate temple: Angkor Wat
*City is strongest reminder of Indian influence in China
Synopsis:
*Derived much wealth from agricultural economies
*Early kings devoted to Buddhism but society became influenced by Hinduism
*All creations in Angkor were left after invasion of Thai people

Saljuq Control Over Abbasid Dynasty

Jan 1, 945

This map shows the various lands that the Saliuq Turks won and ruled over.

Salijuq Control Over Abbasid Dynasty

Period: Jan 1, 945 to Jan 1, 1118

Impact/Significance:
*Seljuq Turks first moved to empire for trading/religion opportunity and to take over empire
*Caliph recognized Seljuq leader Tughril Beg as sultan (ruler) - extended his rule to Baghdad/Syria
Synopsis:
*Moved to Iran after conversion to Islam - went to Iran seeking improved lifestyle
* Turks overshadowed empire - integrated into army and lived on the border where trade was strong
*Gov. control was in hands of Turkish sultans but used caliphs as puppets of authority

Song Dynasty

Jan 1, 960

This map displays the area of land controlled by the Song dynasty.

Song Dynasty

Period: Jan 1, 960 to Jan 1, 1279

Impact/Significance:
*Expanded bureaucracy (opened door for lower class to take Confucian test)
*Introduced tea drinking/compass
*Population increase: rice
Synopsis:
*Founded by Song Taizu
*First true sign of foot binding (Lady Huang)
*Focused more on administration vs. expansion
Decline:
*Many leaders encouraged to retire to ensure Taizu as emperor
*Taizu regarded all officials as servants of government - salaries drained treasury
*Weak military leaders (scholars in chart charge of leading)

Schism in Between Eastern and Western Christian Church

Jan 1, 1054

This picture shows the extremity​ of the division between the orthodox and protestant​ people, especially between their leaders.

Schism Between Eastern and Wstern Christian Church

Period: Jan 1, 1054 to Jan 1, 2016

Impact/Significance:
*Relations became so strained (iconoclasm​/differing beliefs), churches in East and West went separate ways
*Leaders refused to acknowledge other church as properly Christian
*Schism between East and West churches persists to today
Synopsis:
*East: Orthodox Church
*West: Roman Catholic Church
*Churches in Constantinople and Rome disagreed on many points (trinity/importance of faith/reason)
*Byzantine patriarchs and Roman popes argued for power to make Christian decisions

Norman Invasion of England

Jan 1, 1066

Impact/Significance:
*Normans founded English monarchy
*Duke of Normandy introduced Norman principles of government and land tenure to England
*Took over the last bit of Byzantine empire in southern Italy
Synopsis:
*Duke William of Normandy (known as William the conquerer) invaded and took England
*Had much conflict with to Capetians - both dynasties fought for the area of France
*Normans lead many crusades with other eastern European people to claim back Jerusalem

Norman Invasion of England

Jan 1, 1066

This map shows various Norman invasions, including the invasion of England.

First Crusade

Period: Jan 1, 1095 to Jan 1, 1099

Impact/Significance:
*Turks, Egyptians, and Muslims set aside differences for first time and united to get European Christians out of their land
*Influenced Europe - exchange of ideas between Muslims and Europeans
*Europeans adopted "Arabic" numerals/new food products
Synopsis:
*Pope Urban announced 1st crusade
*Goal: gain back "holy land" (Jerusalem) - won but lost land to Mulsim leader Saladin
*Results​ of Crusades: Byzantine/church was weakened, technology improved

Inca Empire

Period: Jan 1, 1100 to Nov 1, 1533

Impact/Significance:
*Took over Chimu's irrigation system
*Largest state (population) ever built in S. America
*Created roads helping military to travel quicker
*Waru Waru: agricultural technique: prevented erosion/allowed for water/drainage collection)
Synopsis:
* Pachacuti: expanded empire ("earthshaker")
*Gov. was ruled by military/admin elite (bureaucracy)

*Gov. used quipu (variety of cords) to keep track of population, taxes, state property
*Fell to Francisco Pizarro/conquistadors

Fourth Crusade

Jan 1, 1202

This picture is an interpretation​ of the damage and destruction the various armies sent out by the pope did to many societies.

Fourth Crusade

Period: Jan 1, 1202 to Jan 1, 1204

Impact/Significance:
*Sacking of Constantinople - thousands of art was stolen or destroyed -Byzantine Empire never recovered (known as one of most profitable yet evil events in European history)
Synopsis:
*Goal was to win back Jerusalem again
*Took dramatic turn when European armies attacked Byzantine port to finance crusade - led to sacking of Constantinople
*Pope Innocent III called for crusade
*Crusaders killed other Christians
*4th Crusade was a failure - led to 5th Crusade

Regin of Chinggis Khan

Jan 1, 1206

This picture is of a sculpting of the great Chinggis Khan that established the Mongol Empire.

Reign of Chinggis Khan

Period: Jan 1, 1206 to Jan 1, 1227

Impact/Significance:
*Forged alliance between Mongol tribes - created largest empire world had ever seen
*Used phycological warfare - helped Mongols conquer lands
*Conquered Persia and China (defeated Jin dynasty and Khwarazm sha in Persia)
Synopsis:
*Rose to power because of forging alliances
*Born of noble family - paved way for him to become leader
*Forced men into military units (no tribal relations - helped break bickering between clans); chose leaders of units based on experience

Sultanate of Delhi

Jan 1, 1210

This map shows the parts of India that the Great Sultanate​ of Dehli controlled and ruled over.

Sultanate of Delhi

Period: Jan 1, 1210 to Jan 1, 1526

Impact/Significance:
*Able to conquer much of India but never united land
*Mahmad of Ghazni - supported Islam but was against Buddhism/ Hinduism (era of temple destruction)
*Most prominent Islamic state in the world
*Built mosques and contributed to art/literature
Synopsis:
*Never overcame Hindu resistance in Deccan region - stayed in north India and didn't expand
*No permanent bureaucracy or admin (led to downfall)
*Depended on Hindu kings to carry out policies of sultanate to local regions

Kingdom of Great Zimbabwe

Jan 1, 1220

This picture shows the remains of the Great Zimbabwe city that was magnificent and made out of much stone.

Kingdom of Great Zimbabwe

Period: Jan 1, 1220 to Jan 1, 1450

Significance/Impact:
*Best known east African kingdom
*Great Zimbabwe: city of stone buildings that served as capital
*Had organized social structure and taxed leaders outside land (advanced in organization)
*Controlled and taxed trade of interior and coastal regions (ivory and gold)
Synopsis:
*"Zimbabwe": wooden residences (starting in 8th century, kings built their "zimbabwe" out of stone)
*Because of control over trade, alliances were forged making much profit
*Fell to Mupta empire

Mali Empire

Jan 1, 1230

This map shows the territory the Mali Empire controlled in Western Africa.

Mali Empire

Period: Jan 1, 1230 to Jan 1, 1255

Impact/Significance:
*Took over after Ghana empire
Mali Empire controlled and taxed trade passing through west Africa (Timbuktu - key trading​ city)
*Mansa Musa ruled empire at highest point
*Musa observed Islam -made trip to Mecca and became very dedicated
*During reign, empire fell because of crippling government and military pressures from other kingdoms
Synopsis:
*Founded by Sundiata (known as "lion prince")
*Captial: Nani
*Mali Empire honored Islam
*Songhay Empire overtook Mali Empire

Marco Polo's Trip to China

Jan 1, 1254

This picture is a depiction of Marco Polo standing next to a map charting his explorations.

Marco Polo's Trip to China

Period: Jan 1, 1254 to Jan 1, 1324

Impact/Significance:
*Became a confidant​ of Kublai Khan (dedicated 17 years of service to Chinese court)
*Was sent on diplomatic trips around Asia
*His book inspired pilgrimages to China by European people
Synopsis:
*Started journey to China at 17 years old - was in awe by statues depicting Buddhism and famous jade from Kashgar
*Was released home after arranging marriage of Mongol princess and Persian king
*His tales of China were recorded into a book while in jail by an imprisoned writer

Reign of Kublai Khan

Jan 1, 1260

This picture is an artist's take on what the great ruler Kublai Khan looked like.

Reign of Kublai Khan

Period: Jan 1, 1260 to Jan 1, 1294

Impact/Significance:
*Consolidated Mongol rule China and founded Yuan dynasty (richest Mongol territory)
*Known as greatest descendant of Chinggis Khan
*Dismantled Confucian education system - brought in admin staff from other Mongol lands
Synopsis:
*Civil wars, problems with paper money, and assassinations caused dynasty to fall
*Had little success in conquering land (Japan)
*Treated Chinese subjects awfully - considered them cultivators
*Tolerated all religions to be practiced in China

Mongol Conquest of All of China

Jan 1, 1271

This map also shows Mongol control over China as well as the other land they controlled while their empire thrived.

Yuan Dynasty

Jan 1, 1279

This map shows the rule of Kublai​ Khan when China was under Mongol leadership.

Yuan Dynasty

Period: Jan 1, 1279 to Jan 1, 1368

Impact/Significance:
*Lead by Khubilai Khan
*Developed idea of the novel/ "drama"

*Tight, centralized rule
*Protected Mongol postal system encouraging trade
*Mongol peace helped spread of ideas/inventions
Synopsis:
*Dismantled Confucian education system
*Mongols discovered and put Buddhism into practice
*Had little success expanding - did not adapt to climate in Asia
*Fell because land wealthiest Mongol territory - attracted invaders - civil wars, assassinations, poor use of paper money

Mongol Conquest of all of China

Period: Jan 1, 1279 to Jan 1, 1368

Impact/Significance:
*Founded by Khubilai Khan (Yuan Dynasty)
*Richest of Mongol territory - attracted invaders and caused Yuan to fall
*Saw Chinese as cultivators
*Dismantled Civil Service system
*Allowed practice of religions
*Forbid Chinese from learning Mongol language
Synopsis:
*Mongols brought in admin staff to monitor China
*Assassinations and civil war caused Mongol reign in China to end
*Forbid intermarriage
*Forced Chinese to move to SE Asia and establish​ trading communities

Ibn Battuta

Jan 1, 1304

This is a painting of the famous Ibn Battuta who helped spread Isalm through Africa.

Ibn Battuta

Period: Jan 1, 1304 to Jan 1, 1369

Impact/Significance:
*Best known Muslim traveler
*Became qadi and advisor to the Sultanate of Dehli
*Provided guidance in the ways of Islam for newly converted societies
Synopsis:
*Traveled to India, Maldive Islands, east Africa, and Mali empire - very few educated Muslims there - made it easy for him to find high governmental position
*Inforced high Muslim standards in justice (oversaw mosque)
*Encouraged and advised kinds of woman's modesty and proper relationships between sexes

Reign of Mansa Musa

Period: Jan 1, 1312 to Nov 1, 1337

Impact/Significance:
*Ruled at highest point of Mali Empire
*Observed Islamic tradition - traveled to Mecca and became very devout Muslim
*Built Islamic schools and mosques
Synopsis:
*Grand-nephew of Sundiata ("lion prince")
*Significance of trade in Mali Empire grew his rule
*Songhay Empire continued Islam in their empire influenced by Mali Empire
*Mali empire fell under his leadership - military pressures and crippling central government
*Songhay Empire took over Mali Empire

Reign of Mansa Musa

Jan 1, 1324

This visual is a mix of a depiction of Mansa Musa as well as the African​ land and people he ruled over when he was king of the Mali Empire.

First Crusade

Jan 1, 1330

This picture shows many men on horseback most likely heading towards Jerusalem​; the city they sought to claim back.

Tamerlane

Jan 1, 1336

This is a sculpture of the famous conquer Tamur, who was given the nickname "Tamerlane" because of his limp.

Tamerlane

Period: Jan 1, 1336 to Jan 1, 1405

Impact/Significance:
*Timur (Turkic-Mongol conquerer) founded Timurid Empire in Persia/C. Asia (after Mongol collapse, it left vacuum in Persia and China)
*Conquered Persia, Afganistan, Golden Horde, etc
Synopsis:
*Was Muslim (made myth of himself as supernatural to gain respect/followers)
*Walked with limp - known as "Timur the Lame"
*Was a conqueror, not a governor
*Empire experienced strain after Tamerlane's death because not gov. structure was in place (empire divided into four parts)

Hundred Years of War

Jan 1, 1337

This picture is an artist's interpretation​ of one of the many battles fought in the Hundred Years of War.

Hundred Year's of War

Period: Jan 1, 1337 to Jan 1, 1453

Impact and Significance:
*Broke down feudal system
*Modern day France/England was born
*Joan of Ark rose up
*After wars, Europe was strengthened
*Able to maintain large army
*Developed new financial ideas - levied new taxes on subjects
Synopsis:
*Cause: European kings trying to gain France
*Europe was "city-state like" - each region had own type of government rather than tightly centralized - "city-state" governmental form caused issues when bubonic plague broke out which lead to years of war

First Bubonic Plague

Jan 1, 1340

This painting is interpreting and showing the effects the Bubonic Plague had on thousands upon thousands of people.

First Bubonic Plague Pandemic

Period: Jan 1, 1340 to Jan 1, 1400

Impact/Significance:
*1/2 of Europe's population died
*Disrupted economies in North Africa and Eurasia
*Caused severe shortages in slave labor - peasants tried to increase living circumstances by rebellion through Europe - no success
*Yuan dynasty collapsed because of plague - economic difficulties
Synopsis:
*Spread through rodents
*Spread through Mongol military campaigns and merchants coming from China (originated in China)
*Common Symptoms: inflamed lymph nodes, black and purple swelling

Ming Dynasty

Jan 1, 1368

This map shows the land conquered and possessed by the Ming Dynasty.

Ming Dynasty

Period: Jan 1, 1368 to Jan 1, 1664

Impact/Significance:
*Known as "brilliant" dynasty
*Eliminated traces of Mongol rule establishing central gov.
*Reestablished civil service system
*Rebuilt irrigation systems
*Cultural revival -Yongle Encyclopedia - Chinese history, philosophy, and literature
*Sponsered voyages (Zheng He) making China prominent in trade (adopted S. American crops)
Synopsis:
*Founded by Emperor Hongwu
*Relied on mandarins (class that made sure local officials enforced centralized rule)
*Fell to Manchu invaders

Zheng He's Expeditions

Jan 1, 1371

This map displays the many expeditions that Zheng He took sponsored by China.

Zheng He's Expeditions

Period: Jan 1, 1405 to Jan 1, 1433

Impact/Significance:
*Expeditions broadened range of Chinese trade (brought porcilen and silk to other countries)
*Objective: establish trade relationships with parts of SE Asia, India, Arabia, and Africa
Synopsis:
*Treasure Fleet – fleet of ships that would travel across the South China Sea and Indian Ocean - big shift for China (going from isolation to exploration)
*Commanded several treasure fleets
*Sponsored by China
*Devout Muslim
(Date is of his first and most important expedition​)

Inca Empire

Jan 1, 1438

This picture shows the remains of the Inca civilization and the amazing buildings they produced.

Fall of Constantinople

Jan 1, 1453

Impact/Significance:
*Brought end to Byzantine Empire
*Sultan Mehmed II conquered capital
*Was made new capital of Turkish nomads (changed name to Istanbul)
*Fourth crusade aided in weakening​ of capital
Synopsis:
*Osman's campaign brought Constantinople down
*Osman attracted many followers from Byzantine commoners - unstable government, peasant rebellion, and political turmoil
*Osman and followers became most powerful people on Balkan peninsula - opened door to take over Byzantine capital

Fall of Constantinople

Jan 1, 1453

This picture is a depiction of Ibn Mehmed​ II finally taking over and crushing Constantinople.