China: Revolution & Republic

By facebooker_2051506901575162
  • Period: to

    Opium War I

  • Period: to

    Opium War II

  • Revive China Society

    °Sun Yat-sen

  • Sino-Japanese war

    1894
    revealed the weakness of china
    -> reforms were needed! Emperor Guangxu ordered reforms.
    (eg Russa-Japan war / Boer wars)

  • Boxer Rebellion

    1899-1901
    against Western Influence (missionaries..)

  • Revolutionary Alliance

    (boxer rebellion)
    created by Sun Yat-sen

  • Three Principles of the People

    Political Philosophy.
    1) nationalism: national consciousness (ethnic centrism: common blood, livelihood, language, customs)
    2) democracy: western constitutional style , separation of powers, 5 branch gov, exclusion of Chinese traditions
    3) Land reform (= socialism?): land value tax to provide clothing, food, housing, healthcare for all (ppl w large amount of land payed more in order to provide for poor ppl)

  • Educational reform

    -abolition of imperial examinations (traditional examination system)
    -new schools
    -encouraged students to study abroad (eg Japan)
    -new class of intellectuals (students) ----> Xinhai Revolution!

  • Limited constitutional reform

    -Qing gov allowed gentry/businessmen to participate in politics
    -1911: experimental cabinet (13 members, of whom 9 selected from imperial)

  • Death of Ci Xi

  • Wuchang Uprising

    Start of civil war?
    (ppl were angry bc redemption payments <Boxer Rebellion)

  • Xinhai Revolution

    (revolution spread to all the corners of CHina)

  • °Guomindang (KMT)

    co-founded by Sun Yat-sen and Song Jiaoren
    (most influential party during opposition)

  • Yuan Shih-Kai = Emperor

    MISTAKE!
    Led to warlord era

  • Warlord Era

    Process of division,
    New political ideas

  • Foundation of Renovation of People Study Society

    Co-founded by Mao Zedong
    - discuss
    -perpetuate
    revolutionary ideas among students <NCM

  • Shandong taken by Japan

    Approved by Fr, BR (Allies)
    => fury!

  • May 4th Movement

    5,000 students protesting <-> Chinese Government

  • °Communist Party

  • End of warlord era

  • Mao member CCP

  • First United Front

    joined forces under National Revolutionary Army and started the Northern Expedition together

  • Death Sun Yat-sen

  • Chiang Kai-Shek = leader of KMT

  • Northern March

    aim : destroying power of warlords & creation of unified China under KMT government.
    -> National Revolutionary Army (NRA)
    -> help from CCP + Soviet Russia
    -> modern weaponry < USSR, Germany
    -> ordinary ppl fought with them against warlords
    -> march trhough southern china - many ppl could join them
  • Period: to

    Nothern Expedition

    ends warlord era.
    march through China -> unification

  • Autumn Harvest Uprising

    'cat-and-mouse' game between Mao Zedong (expansion of 'Soviet State' in Hunan)-> mountains so Mao could hide easily
    - KMT failed to root out the communists
    - by 1934: mao = surrounded, starved to death
    - Long March (367 days) -> escape!

  • Mao sets up branch in HUNAN (Soviet)

    runs away to home after break-up of alliance
    sets up communist party in HUnan

  • Shanghai Massacre

    KMT forced attack members of CCP in SHanghai -> purify KMT
    -pivotal moment in Chinese Revolution
    -national purge of communists
    - anti-communist violence
    -White terror
    -communists who survived -> underground or spheres outside KMT influence
    - end of First United Front & Soviet support for KMT
  • Period: to

    Civil War

    Division comm <-> KMT
    - Chiang Kang-Shek realized it was time to separate from comm after having gained popularity from them
    -communists are pushed out of National Revolutionary Army in 1927

  • Sino-Japanese War II

    Japanese invasion of Manchuria
    -> Manchuria puppet state established by Japan.
    -> Marco Polo Bridge incident (start of Japan taking battle <--> China)

  • Second United Front

    United against Japanese Invasion

  • Long March

    • propaganda tool!
    • 90% killed
    • 3 rules: obedience, no confiscation of people's property and IF you confiscate items from the enemy ,give it immediately to the authority.
    • 8 points (polite, honest when buying,selling), return borrowed articles, pay compensation for damage, don't hit/swear at others, don't damage crops, don't harass females, don't mistreat prisoners.
    -> SUPPORT! Mao becomes undisputed leader. Survival of communists. Celebration of his achievements.

  • Second United Front

    Mao - guerilla in mountains
    KMT - armies, big forces defeated (-> vacuum of power: opportunity for MAO: waits until Japanese are defeated in WWII, then takes power)

  • End of rule KMT