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101
2nd Century
The hope was that the child would be
picked up and reared by another family or person, but the child could die. A child that is picked up and reared as a slave or a son was certainly not the victim of infanticide. While many moralists were opposed to the practice they were often very clear about the fact that expositio was morally the same as infanticide. Infanticide was the
deliberate killing of an infant as opposed to the offering up of an infant to its fate. -
201
3rd Century
The child would be left at a location to await its fate. Places within the city became known as sites for the exposure of unwanted children. Abandoning an infant at one of these places, increased its chances of survival because anyone looking to ‘adopt’ or rear a child would have sought out newborn children at these places. In contrast, the infant left in a more isolated place outside the city was left to die rather than to be found. -
301
4th Century
Child exposure, child sale, or the pledging of children could not change the legal status of a child or turn a freeborn into a slave. However, decisions concerning the status of foundlings lay with their finders, who could readily enslave them. In an attempt to minimize child exposure, Constantine legalized this practice, granting finders the official power to decide the legal status of foundlings: whether a child would be raised as a slave or adopted and raised as a freeborn citizen. -
427
Plato
Plato devotes much attention to the education of the child as a future citizen. As such, he believes that the child belongs to the state and its education is the responsibility of the state -
476
Middle Ages
Children in the Middle Ages were usually expected to do things such as feeding livestock or farm animals, washing dishes, or caring for their younger siblings throughout the day. Children's toys were almost always handmade by the family. These toys included dolls, tops and blocks. -
1300
Children During the Renaissance
At the start of the Renaissance, children were treated like small adults. They were expected to act, talk, and dress like adults. As soon as they could, they were expected to begin working. They generally weren't hugged or coddled. -
Playing=Learning
The Father of Medicine, John Amos Comenius, recognized that the way of learning was by playing. He published a book called "The World Illustrated". -
Children Have Different Minds
Jean-Jacques Roussueau stated that children think differently from adults, and they learn from being hands on. -
School
Johann Pestalozi created what is believed to be the first school teaching children that are in the pre-school years. -
Kindergarten
Children's Garden (Kindergarten) started in Germany by Friedrich Froebel -
Public Kindergarten
The first public kindergarten started in St. Louis -
Freud's Theory
Freud explained that child experiences, experienced at different ages in childhood, directly go on to dictate personality and behavior patterns in the later adult. This general theory has since birthed virtually countless studies, disciplines, and other academic and business establishments. -
Hull House
The Hull House is created for immigrants and it establishes a nursery. -
Children's House
Maria Montesorri opens the Children's Home in Rome -
Vygotsky
Vygotsky's created a sociocultural theory. His sociocultural theory suggested that parents, caregivers, peers and the culture at large were responsible for developing higher-order functions. -
Jean Piaget
Theorist Jean Piaget proposed one of the most influential theories of cognitive development. His cognitive theory seeks to describe and explain the development of thought processes and mental states. It also looks at how these thought processes influence the way we understand and interact with the world. -
Bowbly
Bowlby's attachment theory suggested that children are born with an innate need to form attachments. Such attachments aid in survival by ensuring that the child receives care and protection -
Erik Erikson
Erik Erikson creates the 8 stages. He studied and theorized that to move on to the next crisis you have to resolve the first. -
Bandura Theory
Social Learning Theory, theorized by Albert Bandura, posits that people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling. The theory has often been called a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation. -
Obama
President Obama called on Congress to expand access to high-quality preschool to every child in America, called The Preschool for All initiative. -
21st Century
Your behavior toward your children is determined in part by the age and developmental stage of each youngster. For example, you probably have tended to treat all your children in a somewhat similar way at the same age or level of development. A mother may be physically affectionate to her two children in their respective toddler years but less visibly affectionate when they reach school age.