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An estimated 100,000 persons, many of them civilians, were killed in the 20-month war lasting from 1994 to 1996, which ended in a stunning victory by the Chechen insurgents.
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A period of anarchy and lawlessness in which Chechnya had de fact independence from Russia
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Chechen President Maskhadov (under pressure from Islamists like Shamil Basayev) declared that Shari’ah law would be phased in over three years
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rebel leaders Basayev and Khattab launched a raid into neighboring Dagestan to recover former Chechen ethnic territory and to declare a reunited Islamic state.
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Two bombings of civilian apartment blocks in Moscow were blamed on Chechen rebels and served as the catalyst for Putin's launching of the 2nd Chechen War.
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Russia invades Grozny (Chechen capital) and declares direct rule
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Abu Omar al-Seif, issued a fatwa legitimizing the first Chechen suicide attack by Khava Barayeva in June 2000.
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First act of suicide bombing-2 Chechen women drove a truck with explosives into a Russian Special Forces HQ in Chechnya
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2001 - Human rights organizations express concern about human rights violations in Chechnya, including alleged torture and widespread detentions at the hands of Russian troops. Concerns are fuelled by the discovery of a mass grave filled with mutilated bodies.
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The Chechen "black widows" grab world attention following their seizure of over 1000 hostages in Moscow's Dubrovka theatre; Russian forces use poison gas and 123 die.
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The year of 2003 was especially bloody due to many suicide bombings
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On September 1, 2004 30 armed insurgents, including two "black widows" seized a school in Beslan taking over 1000 hostages. A total of 330 hostages died including 186 children.
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Russian special forces assassinate Maskhadov leaving the Chechen separatist movement without a leader
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Maskhadov's replacement, Abdul-Khalim Sadulayev is assasignated by Russian special forces in June.
Chechen rebel warlord Basayev is also killed in July.
Doku Umarov replaces Sadulayev as leader of the Chechen rebel forces -
Russian antiterrorism law that not only criminalizes all usual forms of activity associated with terrorist attacks, but also "inciting" terrorism and "the propoganda of the idea of terrorism"
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The then leader of the Chechen separatists, Doku Umarov, announced the creation of the Caucasus Emirate- a militant Jihadist organization.
This split the Chechen resistance movement between jihadists and secular separatists. -
After two wars and a decade of strict security, Russia ends its counterterrorist operations in Chechnya, marking the end of the Kremlin's war and enhancing the power of the president, Ramzan Kadyrov.
[Link text] https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/apr/16/russia-chechnya-anti-terrorism -
Chechen law-enforcement agencies estimate that between three and four thousand Chechens have travelled to Iraq or Syria to join the group.
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