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The company had the property of 40% of the country itself. The Mayas were executed, prohibited to manifest their own religions, and culture.
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This war was caused because of presidents from El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua wanted to discuss how powerful was the “República Mayor de Centroamérica” which the president Manuel Estrada from Guatemala, opposed. The countries had motivations in the political and strategic arena and detected the presidency of Estrada like a threat.
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This Peace Treaty and agreement was settled to make sure the region was not going to have more problems in between themselves. The Permanent Court of Central-American Justice was established, which was the grandfather of what today is the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.
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The United States occupation of Nicaragua from 1912 to 1933 was part of the Banana Wars, when the US military forcefully intervened in various Latin American countries from 1898 to 1934.
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It was a political and military conflict that unfolded in Nicaragua as a culmination of the breakdown of the conservative alliance after the fall of power of José Santos Zelaya and his successors José Madriz Rodríguez and Juan José Estrada Morales.
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As a result:
• Victory of the united rebel forces
• United States Intervention
• Francisco Bertrand Barahona’s quitting and exile -
The economical capitalist diversification mean tan increase and growing of a social conflict.
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Coto War (1921), an armed conflict between Panama and Costa Rica over the Coto, a region in Panama's Chiriquí Province along the Panamanian-Costa Rican border.
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This emerged as a nationalist response to the War of Coto, Initially it was made up of young volunteer students of the institution run by the Brothers of the Christian Schools.
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Coto War (1921), an armed conflict between Panama and Costa Rica over the Coto, a region in Panama's Chiriquí Province along the Panamanian-Costa Rican border.
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As a result:
-Victory of the revolutionary constitutional united forces
-U.S Intervention
-President Rafael López Gutiérrez quits and passes away -
It was a war held in Chinandega department that worked as a framework for the major civil war which was the Constitutional War.
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Emiliano Chamorro Vargas, political and military conservative of the Conservative Party on January 17, 1926 against the government of President Carlos Solórzano
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A large force of rebels loyal to Augusto César Sandino attacked the garrison of Ocotal, which was held by a small group of US Marines and Nicaraguan National Guards. Ultimately the rebels were defeated with heavy losses, while the Americans and their Nicaraguan allies suffered very light casualties.
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Farmers of Izalco were disappointed of the government led by reformist President Arturo Araujo, and the price drops of coffee because of the Great Depression of 1929. This revolt leaves at least 24.000 people and has been categorized as the worst ethnocide in the history of El Salvador. Important Character: José Feliciano Ama, indigenous cacique, and leader of the revolt.
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He repressed civilians and killed, tortured them as well. There was a revolt lead by the Communist Salvadoran Party built by indigenous and farmers groups and they were well known by the Salvadoran Government. The leaders were: Farabundo Martí, Feliciano Ama, Francisco Sánchez and Anastasio Aquino.
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Some of the reasons that marked this event in Salvadoran history are: Dictatorship by Oligarch Families in the government, Resistance of the Indigenous population, The Cold War (because the Oligarch and government paired up with United States so they could be in power)
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Presidents Juan José Arevalo and Jacobo Arbenz gave the liberty of expression and political organization and other sectors of the economy and politics of the country.
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El Salvador becomes one of the founding members of the United Nations
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Presidential Election was accused by the opponent of fraud and nullity.
Results:
• Political Constitution
• Universal suffrage
• The end of the Costa Rican army -
El Salvador adheres to the Organization of American States.
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It groups countries in Central America to strengthen political, economic and cultural bonds between each other. Of its main organ the structure of the MCCA (Common Central American Market) depends fully.
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Improvements were demanded in the working conditions of the workers (there was a lack of laws that govern the work)
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The Colonel invaded Guatemala with the U.S Army and had their bases in Honduras. The invasion resulted 200,000 deaths.
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Attempted invasion with the purpose of overthrowing the democratically elected government of José Figueres by forces close to his enemy, Dr. Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia. It was given from Nicaragua and had the support of the dictators Anastasio Somoza, Marcos Pérez Jiménez of Venezuela and Rafael Leonidas Trujillo of the Dominican Republic.
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· It began when a Mexican ship was attacked by Guatemalan forces because Mexico was illegally cutting trees and illegally shrimp fishing
· Mexico responded and said that they couldn’t control the ships if they didn’t have an identification
· Guatemala threatened to bomb and shoot any boat near the shore
OPERATION DRAKE -
It began as left-wing guerilla groups started battling government military forces. The long conflict was marked by abductions and violence, including mutilations and public dumping of bodies.
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The treaty had the goal of establishing a common market and a custom union in the 5 year lapse.
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Torrijos was never officially the president of Panama, but instead held titles including "Maximum Leader of the Panamanian Revolution" and "Supreme Chief of Government." Torrijos took power in a coup d'état and instituted a number of social reforms and his regime was considered progressive.
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El Salvador invaded Honduran territory on the 14th of July and the ceasefire was established the 18th of July. OAS was successful in stopping the rivalry between the countries. The conflict went back to 1920, due to the bad conditions of living in El Salvador and the Salvadoran government was under pressure for making a agrarian reform. “Football War”: World Cup Mexico 70’s and El Salvador won and made another reason for the war to increase.
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Protests, demonstrations and strikes carried out as a result of the ALCOA concession for the exploitation of bauxite in San Isidro de El General.
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López Arellano yielded power to Ramón Ernesto Cruz
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Groups such as FPL (Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí), FAL (Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación) and El Grupo, are born. They make terrorist attacks.
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The Salvadoran Army violated the agreement of ceasefire that was signed with Honduras.
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Overthrow of Somoza government
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This treaty put an end to the war situation between both countries that lasted eleven years
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The conflict in which the Salvadoran military and the Fuerza Armada de El Salvador (FAES) went against the known terrorist groups such as Frente Farabundo Marti para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN). The country lived a political and social crisis during this era.The number of victims was of 75000 deaths and disappeared.
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The priest Oscar Arnulfo Romero was killed because he was against the government and military at the time.
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FACTS
The Inter-American Human Rights Commission released a report blaming the Guatemalan government for thousands of illegal executions and missing persons in the 1970s. -
General Efrain Rios Montt seized power following a military coup. He annulled the 1965 constitution, dissolved Congress and suspended political parties.
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Nicaraguan resistance "Contras", is the name given to the groups of insurgents financed by the United States that tried the overthrow of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), which governed Nicaragua after the overthrow in July 1979 of the dictatorial government of President Anastasio Somoza and his family .
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A new constitution was drafted and democratic elections for president resumed two years after Montt was ousted in another coup.
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The end of the Civil War. Agreement with the Salvadoran government and the FMLN. The FMLN turned legally a political party.
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President Jorge Serrano illegally dissolved Congress and the Supreme Court and restricted civil rights.
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Alvaro Arzu, was chosen in a runoff election. Under Arzu peace negotiations were finalized. Peace accords ending the 36-year internal conflict were signed in December of 1996.
The “Acuerdo de Paz Firme y Duradera” was signed and it was the one who ceased fire between the guerilla and the Guatemalan Army. Song by Alux Nahual regarding the conflict: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=euQxDAEnu4M -
The United States invades Panama in an attempt to overthrow military dictator Manuel Noriega, who had been indicted in the United States on drug trafficking charges and was accused of suppressing democracy in Panama and endangering U.S. nationals.
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Manifestations and popular protests after the approval of the Law for the Improvement of Public Services and Telecommunications
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El Salvador becomes dollarized.
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Referendum on the Free Trade Agreement between the United States, Central America and the Dominican Republic in Costa Rica
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Demonstrators in several cities of Nicaragua began protests against the social security reforms decreed by President Daniel Ortega that increased taxes and decreased benefits.
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El Salvador was declared as the most dangerous country in the world due to terrorist groups such as “las Maras”, being one of the country’s with the highest murder rate.
