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The Treaty of Paris, signed in 1763, put an end to the French and Indian War, which had begun in 1756. Great Britain made significant territory gains in North America as a result of the war, but disagreements over following frontier policies and how to pay for the war's costs ultimately stoked colonial unrest and sparked the American Revolution.
Therefore, the Seven Years' War established the bicultural foundation of contemporary Canada. -
On October 7, 1763, King George III issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763. It came after the Treaty of Paris, which declared an official end to the Seven Years' War and gave Great Britain control over French territories in North America.
The acknowledgement of First Nations rights in Canada was established by this proclamation. -
During the First World War, the Pas-de-Calais department of France saw the Battle of Vimy Ridge as a part of the Battle of Arras. The major combatants were the three divisions of the German 6th Army and the four divisions of the Canadian Corps in the First Army.
For all Canadians, Vimy Ridge has come to serve as a source of pride and identity. -
Louise McKinney was the first woman to be elected to a provincial legislature in Canada, and Agnes Macphail was the first to be elected to the House of Commons, in a federal election held in Canada in 1921. -
In order to defeat the German, Italian, and Japanese troops during the Second World War, Canadians defended the east and west coasts and engaged in a number of exhausting wars on land, at sea, and in the air. In the armed forces, more than 1.1 million Canadian men and women participated.
As a result, Canadians' lives are becoming more urbanised, industrialised, and influenced by the state. -
All pupils must get an education in French up until the end of their secondary studies, whether they attend a public school or a privately funded institution, according to the French Language Education Charter (Bill 101), which was adopted by Québec's National Assembly in 1977. -
The Canadian Human Rights Act was passed, forbidding discrimination on the basis of sex and ensuring equal pay for work of equal value for women. -
A key piece of legislation is the Constitution Act of 1982. It permitted Canada to amend its Constitution without obtaining British approval. This entailed complete independence for Canada. The Charter of Rights and Freedoms was also incorporated into the Constitution by the Act. -
Any circumstance of discrimination based on a disability, religion, age, or any other ground forbidden by the Charter can be eliminated by reasonable accommodation. A person may need to be accommodated by having a procedure, a standard operating procedure, or an exemption given to them if they are the target of discrimination. -
The Kanehsatà:ke Resistance, commonly known as the Oka Crisis, was a 78-day land dispute that resulted in two fatalities between a group of Mohawk people and the municipality of Oka in Quebec, Canada, starting on July 11, 1990.
The crisis made more Canadians aware of Indigenous rights and land claims. -
The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum held in the largely French-speaking Canadian province of Quebec to determine whether or not it should declare its independence and become a separate entity, subject to Quebec first offering a political and economic partnership with Canada. -
Canadian churches began making public apologies for their involvement in the system of residential schools in the early 1990s. The construction of the schools, the abuses that occurred at the schools, and the detrimental impacts that the schools generated were all officially apologised for more recently by the federal and provincial governments of Canada. -
In place of a monolithic national narrative focused on any one ethnicity or language, Canada is today a multicultural society with constitutional protection for measures that advance multiculturalism.