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Jan 1, 1500
Brazil
Discovery of Brazil by Portuguese navigator Cabral. This was one of the huge first steps to allowing Brazil to be a modern power in the world. -
Jan 1, 1532
Brazil
First colony established by Martim Afonso de Sousa. This event is important because it is one of the steps of colonizing Brazil, helping create a modern world power. -
India
The Battle of Plassey happened in 1757. Bengal was one of the last independent provinces in India. The British East India Company fought to gain control of the province. The Company extended effective rule over all of India with their victory in the Battle of Plassey. This was a pivotal event in the establishment of a British Empire in India. -
Brazil
Portugese monarchy is transferred to Brazil to escape Napoleonic Wars. This causes Portugal to now fully control Brazil. -
Brazil
Independence of the Brazillian Empire under Dom Pedro. This is important because now Brazil is indepent and can continue to become the modern world power it is today. -
India
In 1858 the British assume total control over Indian affairs. This includes now passing laws for India in British Parliament. -
Russia
After establishing committees to study the need for reform, Alexander II abolished serfdom throughout Russia in 1861. -
Russia
A terrorist monement emerged in the 1870's, and the campaign of assassination of senior officials culminated in Alexander II's murder in 1881. -
India
In 1885 The Indian National Congress was founded in Bombay. The goal of this congress and their movement was swaraj, or independence. -
Brazil
The abolition of slavery happened in Brazil in 1888. This made Brazil become more of a world power because of the same movements that the U.S. made. -
China
In 1899 the Boxer Rebellion occured. This rebellion is when China begins to be carved up by imperialist powers seeking to gain resources for trade and to expand "spheres of influence." -
Russia
The Revolution of 1905 included Bloody Sunday, where thousands of working men, women, and their children marched to the Czar's Winter Palace in St. Petersburg and were massacred. The main cause of the revolution was Bloody Sunday which caused strikes and discontent to explode across Russia. -
Russia
Rasputin, a holy man that was said to have saved Alexei's life, gained power in the government and added in its corruption. He was assassinated in 1916. -
India
In 1919 The Amritsar Massacre occured. The massacre stirred nationalist feelings across India and had a profound effect on Mohandas Gandhi. During World War I, Gandhi had actively supported the British in the hope of winning partial autonomy for India. After the Amritsar Massacre he became convinced that India shoudl accept nothing less that full independence. Gandhi began organizing his first campaign of mass civil disobedience against Britian's oppressive rule. -
India
The Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919. This act was passed by the British to deal with the Nationalist Movement. The act restricted speech and press. 400 people died in protests against the Rowlatt Act. -
China
In 1919 students protested against Twenty-One demands in the May Fourth Movement. The students goal was to strengthen China by rejecting Japan and adopt ideas from the West, and put an end to foreign domination. -
China
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek) took over Kuomintang after Sun Yat- Sen died in 1925. Jiang saw communists as threats, and in early 1927 he ordered Kuomintang troops to slaughter Communist Party members. -
Russia
Leonid Brezhnev ordered a Russian invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 after the SALT I and II talks happened in 1972 and 1979. -
China
The U.S. believed that by "playing the China card" (improving our relations with China) that the Soviets would be further isolated, and in 1979 the U.S. established diplomatic relations with China. -
China
Despite economic reforms, communist leaders refused to allow more political freedom. This lead to the gathering in Tiananmen Square in Beijing in 1989 of demonstrators who were seeking democratic reforms and mourning the death of a leader. Deomonstrators refused to leave and the government sent in tanks. Thousands of deomonstrators were killed or wounded in what is known as the Tiananmen Square Massacre.
