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1096-1291
A religious war between Christians and Muslims. Christians trying to reclaim their Holy Land (Palistine). Unsuccessful crusade but did expand trade routes -
1300's
Rebirth of the arts. Started in the Italian Renaissance. Began the Protestant wars -
1337-1453
A war between France and England over who should rule France. Charles IV died without an heir, so Edward III believed he should rule France. England gave up. -
1340's-1350's
Killing an estimated of 25 million people. Started with rats and fleas. Most devastating outbreak -
1405-1433
A Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat, fleet admiral, and court eunuch during China's early Ming dynasty. Led seven ocean expeditions for the Ming emperor. Considered to be “the world's most important crossroads of trade” -
May 30, 1431
Burned when she was 19 in Rouen. Died of smoke inhalation. Burned as a heretic -
1439-1440ish
Made the first movable type printing press. Launched a revolution of printing. Printed the bible -
1453
The capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire. Captured by invading Ottoman army. Ottoman's killed the emperor while he was trying to counterattack. -
1478-1826
Used to maintain Catholics and replace the medieval inquisition. Practiced religious intolerance and burned heretics. Made Jews and Muslims convert to Catholicism or leave. -
1492
An exchange of non-native goods. An exchange between Europe and the Americas. Exchanged plants, animals, disease, etc. -
1492
Columbus found the Americas. Thought it was part of India. Set sail w/ three ships, Santa Maria, Pinta, and Nina. -
1503-1506
Leonardo da Vinci began painting the Mona Lisa in 1503. Used painting technique called sfumato. Portrait of Lisa Gherardini. -
1508-1512
Michelangelo began to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. One of Michelangelo's famous pieces. Pope Julius II hired him -
1509-1547
Had 6 wives. Reigned til death. Made his own religion to divorce his first wife. -
1514
Battle between Ottman and Safavid. Ottman won. Ottoman took Safavid territory -
A response to the Protestant Reformation. Council of Trent fixed the wrongings of the Catholic church (i.e. indulgences, priests). Catholics trying to convert Protestants
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1517
Martin Luther nailed a list of 95 reasons attacking the church. The most important thing he wanted to go was indulgences. Started the Protestant Reformation. -
1520-1566
Known as Sulieman the Magnificent. Longest reigning Sultan in Ottoman empire. An ideal ruler. -
1521
Hernan Cortez captures Tenochtitlán. Huge battle between Aztecs and Cortez. Cortez won -
1532
Book by Niccolò Machiavelli. Political book. Told politicians to separate morals from politics -
1533
Pizzaro holds Atahualpa for ransom. Atahualpa offers a room full of gold and Pizzaro accepts. Atahualpa is then tried for plotting to overthrow the Spanish and is choked to death. -
1555
Temporary settlement to solve a religious conflict. Princes in Holy Roman Empire had to choose a religion to represent their land. Ended the conflict between Roman Catholics and Lutherans in Germany. -
17 November 1558 – 24 March 1603
Daughter of King Henry VIII. England prospered under her ruling. Appreciated the arts. -
1588
Spanish fleet of ships from A Coruña. This was commanded by Duke of Medina Sidonia. The purpose was to bring an army to attack England. -
1598
A French royal decree that granted freedom of worship and legal equality for Huguenots. It was signed by King Henry IV in April. Meant to temporarily end the religious war -
1603-1867
Samurai- warriors of premodern Japan
eventually became the highest-ranking social caste of the Edo Period
Relative peace ended the samurai period -
April 23, 1616
Famous Poet/Playwrite. Had emotions and humanism in plays. Made Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet. -
1648
Built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. Construction started in 1632. Whole thing completed 1653 -
15th century
Slaves were taken to the Americas to work on plantations. As labor needed grew, the need for slaves grew. The Abolition of the Slave Trade Act ended slavery in 1808 -
1792
Led the Macartney Embassy. Embassy created to open trade routes with China. Ultimately failed. -
1839-1860
Two wars involving China and Britain. Fought over British opium trade and China's sovereignty. Forced China to trade with other countries.
